like an enemy

hostīlis, e, adj. [hostis].

Of or belonging to an enemy, hostile.

In gen. (class.):

amator simili'st oppidi hostilis,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 68:

terra,

Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 108:

manus,

id. Tusc. 1, 35, 85:

naves,

Hor. Epod. 9, 19:

domus,

id. ib. 5, 53:

aratrum,

id. C. 1, 16, 21:

manus,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 61:

cadavera,

Sall. C. 61, 8:

vis,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 52:

condictiones pactionesque (with bellicae),

Cic. Off. 3, 29, 108:

minae,

Tac. A. 13, 57:

metus,

of the enemy, Sall. J. 41, 2:

spolia,

Liv. 29, 35, 5; Suet. Ner. 38:

terra,

Liv. 44, 3, 8:

clamor,

id. 1, 29, 2:

turmae,

id. 9, 22, 9:

murmur,

Tac. H. 2, 42:

audacia,

id. A. 14, 23:

solum,

id. ib. 11, 16;

11, 20: nationes,

id. ib. 11, 23.—As subst.: hostīle, is, n., hostile country, the enemy's land or soil:

prior Parthus apud Gaium in nostra ripa, posterior hic apud regem in hostili (sc. solo) epulatus est,

Vell. 2, 101 fin. —

In partic., in divining:

hostilis pars (opp. pars familiaris),

the part of the entrails that related to the enemy, Luc. 1, 622.—

That is usual with an enemy, hostile (class.):

hominis hostilem in modum seditiosi imago,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 9, 24; cf.:

hostilem in modum vexare,

id. Prov. Cons. 3, 5:

in hunc hostili odio est,

id. Clu. 5, 12:

spiritus,

Tac. H. 4, 57:

ne quid ab se hostile timeret,

Sall. J. 88, 5:

caedem, fugam aliaque hostilia portendant,

id. ib. 3, 2:

legati retulerunt, omnia hostilia esse,

Liv. 21, 16, 1:

multa hostilia audere,

Tac. H. 4, 15:

facere,

Sall. J. 107, 2:

loqui,

Tac. H. 2, 66:

invicem coeptare,

id. ib. 3, 70:

induere adversus aliquem,

id. A. 12, 40:

apibus inimica est nebula: aranei quoque vel maxime hostiles,

Plin. 11, 19, 21, § 65.—Hence, adv.: hostī-lĭter, like an enemy, in a hostile manner, hostilely:

quid ille fecit hostiliter,

Cic. Phil. 5, 9, 25; Sall. J. 20, 4; Liv. 2, 14, 2; 9, 38, 1; Tac. H. 2, 85; Suet. Caes. 54; Ov. M. 11, 372; 14, 68.

hostīlis, e, adj. [hostis].

Of or belonging to an enemy, hostile.

In gen. (class.):

amator simili'st oppidi hostilis,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 68:

terra,

Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 108:

manus,

id. Tusc. 1, 35, 85:

naves,

Hor. Epod. 9, 19:

domus,

id. ib. 5, 53:

aratrum,

id. C. 1, 16, 21:

manus,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 61:

cadavera,

Sall. C. 61, 8:

vis,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 52:

condictiones pactionesque (with bellicae),

Cic. Off. 3, 29, 108:

minae,

Tac. A. 13, 57:

metus,

of the enemy, Sall. J. 41, 2:

spolia,

Liv. 29, 35, 5; Suet. Ner. 38:

terra,

Liv. 44, 3, 8:

clamor,

id. 1, 29, 2:

turmae,

id. 9, 22, 9:

murmur,

Tac. H. 2, 42:

audacia,

id. A. 14, 23:

solum,

id. ib. 11, 16;

11, 20: nationes,

id. ib. 11, 23.—As subst.: hostīle, is, n., hostile country, the enemy's land or soil:

prior Parthus apud Gaium in nostra ripa, posterior hic apud regem in hostili (sc. solo) epulatus est,

Vell. 2, 101 fin. —

In partic., in divining:

hostilis pars (opp. pars familiaris),

the part of the entrails that related to the enemy, Luc. 1, 622.—

That is usual with an enemy, hostile (class.):

hominis hostilem in modum seditiosi imago,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 9, 24; cf.:

hostilem in modum vexare,

id. Prov. Cons. 3, 5:

in hunc hostili odio est,

id. Clu. 5, 12:

spiritus,

Tac. H. 4, 57:

ne quid ab se hostile timeret,

Sall. J. 88, 5:

caedem, fugam aliaque hostilia portendant,

id. ib. 3, 2:

legati retulerunt, omnia hostilia esse,

Liv. 21, 16, 1:

multa hostilia audere,

Tac. H. 4, 15:

facere,

Sall. J. 107, 2:

loqui,

Tac. H. 2, 66:

invicem coeptare,

id. ib. 3, 70:

induere adversus aliquem,

id. A. 12, 40:

apibus inimica est nebula: aranei quoque vel maxime hostiles,

Plin. 11, 19, 21, § 65.—Hence, adv.: hostī-lĭter, like an enemy, in a hostile manner, hostilely:

quid ille fecit hostiliter,

Cic. Phil. 5, 9, 25; Sall. J. 20, 4; Liv. 2, 14, 2; 9, 38, 1; Tac. H. 2, 85; Suet. Caes. 54; Ov. M. 11, 372; 14, 68.

* * *

infenso, āre, v. a. and n. [infensus], to treat in a hostile manner, to ravage, destroy (Tacitean).

V. a.:

bello Armeniam,

Tac. A. 13, 37:

pabula,

id. ib. 6, 34.—

V. n., to act like an enemy, to be hostilely disposed:

quasi infensantibus Dis,

Tac. A. 13, 41.

agmĕn, ĭnis, n. [as if contr. from agimen, from ago; cf.: tegimen, tegmen, from tego].

Lit.

In gen., a train, i. e. a collected multitude in motion or moving forwards; of things of any kind, but esp. (so most freq. in prose) of men or animals. —Of streams of water, motion, course, current: quod per amoenam urbem lent fluit agmine flumen, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4:

inde super terras fluit agmine dulci,

Lucr. 5, 272; cf. id. 6, 638; also,

in imitation of Enn., Virg. and Val. Fl.: leni fluit agmine Thybris,

Verg. A. 2, 782; cf. Val. Fl. 4, 721.—Of a train or succession of clouds:

denso sunt agmine nubes,

Lucr. 6, 100.—Of rain:

immensum caelo venit agmen aquarum,

body, mass, Verg. G. 1, 322 —Of atoms:

agmine condenso naturam corporis explent,

crowded into a compact mass, Lucr. 1, 607.—Of oars:

agmine re morum ceieri,

with quick plashing of oars, Verg. A. 5, 211.—Of a flock of birds: agmi ne magno. Corvorum. Verg. G. 1, 381.—Of a snake winding onwards:

cum medii nexus extremaeque agmina caudae Solvuntur,

Verg. G. 3, 424; cf. id. A. 2, 212.—Of clouds of dust following any thing in rapid motion, as men, animals, etc.:

agmina cervi Pulverulenta,

Verg. A. 4, 154.—And, as subst. concr., of birds turba Agminis aligeri, of the winged band, Verg A. 12, 249.—Of ants;

frugilegas aspeximus agmine longo formi cas,

Ov. M 7, 624; so id. ib. 7, 638.—Of the stars: diffugiunt stellae;

quarum agmina cogit Lucifer,

Ov. M. 2, 114; so id. ib. 11, 97 al.—Eap. of a company of persons, a multitude, troop, crowd, number, band:

ut a Brundisic nsque Romam agmen perpetuum totius Italiae viderem,

Cic. Pis. 22:

magno senatorum agmine,

Tac. H. 3, 55:

ingens mulierum agmen,

Liv. 2, 40:

muliebre et miserabile agmen,

Tac. A. 1, 40: numerosum agmen reorum, Plin Ep. 3, 9, and Tac. H. 4, 6: Eumenidum agmina, Verg A. 4, 469.—But particularly,

The train, procession, march, progress of an army:

de castris, de agminibus, etc., dicere,

Cic. de Or. 1, 48, 210:

ne miles gregarius in castris, neve in agmine servum aut jumentum haberet,

Sall. J. 45, 2:

pugnatum saepe directā acie, saepe in agminibus, saepe eruptionibus,

Vell. 2, 47:

effuso agmine abire,

Liv. 44, 39:

uno agmine victores cum victis in urbem irrupere,

id. 2, 30;

uno agmine persequentes,

Vulg. Judith, 15, 4 al. —

Transf., concr., an army, and properly considered as in motion, on the march (while exercitus is a disciplined army, and acies an army in battle-array) —As soon as the signal for marching was given, the Extraordinarii and the allies of the right wing, with their baggage, first put themselves in motion, then the legions, and last the allies of the left wing, with a part of the cavalry, which either rode behind the army, ad agmen claudendum or cogendum. to close the train, i. e. to keep it to gether or on the side in such an order (composito agmine, non itineri magis apto quam proelio) that it might be easily put into the line of battle, if the enemy ven tured to attack it; cf. Sall. J. 46, 6.—An army in close ranks was called agmen justum, Tac. H. 1, 68, or agmen pilatum, Serv. ad Verg. A. 12, 121—When there was no apprehension of the enemy, less care was taken for the protection of the army:

agmine incauto, i. e. minus munito, ut inter pacatos, ducebat, sc. consul,

Liv. 35, 4.—

The order of march was, however, different, according to circumstances and the nature of the ground,

Liv. 35, 4; 27, 28; and cf. Smith's Antiq.—Sometimes the army marched in the form of a square, agmen quadratum, with their baggage in the middle, so as to be in battle-array on meeting the enemy; hence agmen quadratum often means the same as acies triplex, an army formed in line of battle, only that the former indicates that they are on the march, and the latter that they are at rest.—Hence, like acies, with the epithet primum, the vanguard, Liv. 34, 28; Tac. Agr. 35:

medium,

the centre, Liv. 10, 41; Tac. H. 4, 22:

extremum,

Liv. 34, 28; Tac. H. 2, 100;

or, novissimum,

the rear, rearguard, Liv. 44, 33; so,

extremi agminis,

Vulg. Deut. 25, 18:

ut inde agmine quadratc ad urbem accederet,

marching in a square, Cic. Phil. 13, 8:

pariter atque in conspectu hostium quadrato agmine incedere,

Sall. J 100, 1; cf. id. ib. 46, 6, 7:

Hannibal agmine quadrato amnem ingressus,

Liv. 21, 5; se id. 31, 36; 37, 39:

quadrato agmine velut in aciem irent,

Curt. 5, 1, 19 al. —Sometimes, esp. in the poets in the plur., in gen. [p. 73] sense, = exercitus or copiae, an army, host, troops:

huic tanto agmini dux defuit,

Just. 12, 10:

occidit Daci Cotisonis agmen,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 18:

agmina curru Proterit,

Verg. A. 12, 329:

barbarorum Claudius agmina diruit,

Hor. C. 4, 14, 29; so id. S. 2, 1, 14; id. Epod. 17, 9; Ov. M. 3, 535; 5, 151, 161; 6, 423:

Del agminum Israël,

Vulg. 1 Reg. 17, 45:

agmina ejus dispergam,

ib. Ezech. 12, 14; 38, 6.—For military service, warfare:

rudis agminum Sponsus,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 9.—

Trop.

An army, troop, band, multitude:

educenda dictio est ex hac domesticā exercitatione et umbratili medium in agmen, in pulverem, in clamorem, in castra, aciemque forensem,

i. e. before the public, Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 157:

e Brundisio usque Romam agmen perpetuum totius Italiae,

an unbroken train, id. Pis. 22, 51:

ingens mulierum agmen,

Liv. 2, 40; 9, 17:

agmina Eumenidum,

Verg. A. 4, 469; 6, 572:

agmina comitum,

Ov. Tr. 14, 30:

in angusto fidus comes agmine turbae,

Tib. 1, 5, 63:

numerosum agmen reorum,

Plin. Ep. 3, 9:

agmen occupationum,

an army of, id. ib. 2, 8.—

March, movement:

agmina fati et volumina,

Gell. 6, 2, 5.

ad-verto (archaic advor-), ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn a thing to or toward a place (in this signif., without animus; mostly poet.; syn.: observare, animadvertere, videre, cognoscere).

Lit.

In gen., with in or dat.:

illa sese huc advorterat in hanc nostram plateam,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:

in quamcunque domus lumina partem,

Ov. M. 6, 180; cf. id. ib. 8, 482:

malis numen,

Verg. A. 4, 611:

huc aures, huc, quaeso, advertite sensus,

Sil. 16, 213; cf. id. 6, 105.—

Esp., a naut. t. t., to turn, direct, steer a ship to a place:

classem in portum,

Liv. 37, 9 Drak.:

terrae proras,

Verg. A. 7, 35; id. G. 4, 117 al.:

Colchos puppim,

Ov. H. 12, 23.— Absol.:

profugi advertere coloni,

landed, Sil. 1, 288;

hence also transf. to other things: aequore cursum,

Verg. A. 7, 196:

pedem ripae,

id. ib. 6, 386:

urbi agmen,

id. ib. 12, 555: adverti with acc. poet. for verti ad:

Scythicas advertitur oras,

Ov. M. 5, 649 (cf. adducor litora remis, id. ib. 3, 598, and Rudd. II. p. 327).

Fig.

Animum (in the poets and Livy also animos, rarely mentem) advertere; absol., or with adv. or ad aliquid, or alicui rei, to direct the mind, thoughts, or attention to a thing, to advert to, give attention to, attend to, to heed, observe, remark:

si voles advortere animum, Enn. ap. Var. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.): facete advortis animum tuum ad animum meum,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 39:

nunc huc animum advortite ambo,

id. ib. 3, 1, 169:

advertunt animos ad religionem,

Lucr. 3, 54:

monitis animos advertite nostris,

Ov. M. 15, 140:

animum etiam levissimis rebus adverterent,

Tac. A. 13, 49.—With ne, when the object of attention is expressed:

ut animum advertant, ne quos offendant,

Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68:

adverterent animos, ne quid novi tumultūs oriretur,

Liv. 4, 45.—

Animum advertere, to observe a thing by directing the mind to it, to observe, to notice, to remark, to perceive (in the class. period contracted to animadvertere, q. v.).—Constr. with two accusatives, animum advertere aliquid (where aliquid may be regarded as depending on the prep. in comp., Roby, § 1118, or on animum advertere, considered as one idea, to observe), with acc. and inf., or rel. clause (the first mode of construction, most frequent with the pronouns id, hoc, illud, etc., is for the most part ante-class., and appears in Caes., Cic., and Sall. as an archaism):

et hoc animum advorte,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 43:

hanc edictionem,

id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

haec animum te advertere par est,

Lucr. 2, 125:

animum adverti columellam e dumis eminentem,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 65; id. Inv. 2, 51, 153:

Postquam id animum advertit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 4, 12:

quidam Ligus animum advortit inter saxa repentīs cocleas,

Sall. J. 93, 2. In Vitruv. once with hinc:

ut etiam possumus hinc animum advertere,

as we can hence perceive, Vitr. 10, 22, 262.—With the acc. and inf.:

postquam tantopere id vos velle animum advorteram,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 16:

animum advertit magnas esse copiashostium instructas,

Caes. B. G. 5, 18: cum animum adverteret locum relictum esse, Auct. B. Alex. 31; ib. 46.—With the rel. clause: nunc quam rem vitio dent, quaeso, animum advortite, Ter. And. prol. 8: quid ille sperare possit, animum adverte, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9:

quam multarum rerum ipse ignarus esset... animum advertit,

Liv. 24, 48. Sometimes advertere alone = animum advertere; so once in Cicero's letters: nam advertebatur Pompeii familiares assentiri Volcatio, Fam. 1, 1 (although here, as well as almost everywhere, the readings fluctuate between advertere and animadvertere; cf. Orell. ad h. l.; animadvertebatur, B. and K.). So Verg. in the imp.:

qua ratione quod instat, Confieri possit, paucis, adverte, docebo,

attend! Verg. A. 4, 115.—In the histt., esp. Tac. and Pliny, more frequently:

donec advertit Tiberius,

Tac. A. 4, 54:

Zenobiam advertere pastores,

id. ib. 12, 51:

advertere quosdam cultu externo in sedibus senatorum,

id. ib. 13, 54:

quotiens novum aliquid adverterat,

id. ib. 15, 30 al.:

hirudo quam sanguisugam appellari adverto,

Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 29:

ut multos adverto credidisse,

id. 2, 67, 67, § 168. Still more rarely, advertere animo:

animis advertite vestris,

Verg. A. 2, 712:

hanc scientiam ad nostros pervenisse animo adverto,

Plin. 25, 2, 3, § 5; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 4, 27, 8.—

To draw or turn something, esp. the attention of another, to or upon one's self (in the histt.):

gemitus ac planctus militum aures oraque advertere,

Tac. A. 1, 41:

octo aquilae imperatorem advertere,

id. ib. 2, 17: recentia veteraque odia advertit, drew them on himself, id. ib. 4, 21 al.—

To call the attention of one to a definite act, i. e. to admonish of it, to urge to it (cf. II. A.):

non docet admonitio, sed advertit,

i. e. directs attention, Sen. Ep. 94:

advertit ea res Vespasiani animum, ut, etc.,

Tac. H. 3, 48.—

Advertere in aliquem, for the more usual animadvertere in aliquem, to attend to one, i. e. to punish one (only in Tac.):

in P. Marcium consules more prisco advertere,

Tac. A. 2, 32:

ut in reliquos Sejani liberos adverteretur,

id. ib. 5, 9 (cf. id. Germ. 7, 3: animadvertere).—Hence,

adversus (archaic advor-), a, um, P. a., turned to or toward a thing, with the face or front toward, standing over against, opposite, before, in front of (opp. aversus).

In gen.:

solem adversum intueri,

Cic. Somn. Scip. 5:

Iris... Mille trahens varios adverso sole colores,

Verg. A. 4, 701; id. G. 1, 218:

antipodes adversis vestigiis stant contra nostra vestigia,

Cic. Ac. 2, 39: dentes adversi acuti ( the sharp front teeth) morsu dividunt escas, Cic. N. D. 2, 54:

quod is collis, tantum adversus in latitudinem patebat, quantum etc.,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8 Herz. So, hostes adversi, who make front against one advancing or retreating, id. ib. 2, 24:

L. Cotta legatus in adversum os fundā vulneratur,

in front, Caes. B. G. 5, 35; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1; Liv. 21, 7 fin. al.; hence, vulnus adversum, a wound in front (on the contr., vulnus aversum, a wound in the back), Cic. Har. Resp. 19:

adversis vulneribus,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 35, 4:

judicibus cicatrices adversas ostendere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 28:

cicatrices populus Romanus aspiceret adverso corpore exceptas,

id. Verr. 5, 3:

impetus hostium adversos, Auct. B. Alex. 8: Romani advorso colle evadunt,

ascend the hill in front, Sall. J. 52:

adversa signa,

Liv. 30, 8:

legiones quas Visellius et C. Silius adversis itineribus objecerant,

i. e. marches in which they went to meet the enemy, Tac. A. 3, 42: sed adverso fulgure ( by a flash of lightning falling directly before him) pavefactus est Nero, Suet. Ner. 48:

armenta egit Hannibal in adversos montes,

Quint. 2, 17, 19; cf. Lucr. 3, 1013; so Hor. S. 1, 1, 103; 2, 3, 205:

qui timet his adversa,

the opposite of this, id. Ep. 1, 6, 9 al. —Hence, of rivers: flumine adverso, up the stream, against the stream:

in adversum flumen contendere,

Lucr. 4, 423:

adverso feruntur flumine,

id. 6, 720; so Verg. G. 1, 201:

adverso amne,

Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 33;

adverso Tiberi subvehi,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 22, 3 (opp. to secundā aquā, down stream, with the stream:

rate in secundam aquam labente,

Liv. 21, 47, 3); and of winds, opposed to a vessel's course, head winds, contrary winds, consequently unfavorable, adverse:

navigationes adversis ventis praecluduntur, Auct. B. Alex. 8: adversissimi navigantibus venti,

Caes. B. C. 3, 107.— Subst.: adversum, i, the opposite: hic ventus a septentrionibus oriens adversum tenet Athenis proficiscentibus, [p. 50] holds the opposite to those sailing from Athens, i. e. blows against them, Nep. Milt. 1 (so Nipperdey; but v. Hand, Turs. I. p. 183). — Adv.: ex adverso, also written exadverso and exadversum, opposite to, over against, ek tou enantiou:

portus ex adverso urbi positus,

Liv. 45, 10.—With gen.:

Patrae ex adverso Aetoliae et fluminis Eveni,

Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11.—Without case:

cum ex adverso starent classes,

Just. 2, 14; so Suet. Caes. 39; Tib. 33.—In adversum, to the opposite side, against:

et duo in adversum immissi per moenia currus,

against each other, Prop. 3, 9, 23; so Gell. 2, 30; cf. Verg. A. 8, 237;

in adversum Romani subiere,

Liv. 1, 12; 7, 23.—

In hostile opposition to, adverse to, unfavorable, unpropitious (opp. secundus; frequent and class.): conqueri fortunam adversam, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50:

hic dies pervorsus atque advorsus mihi obtigit,

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 1:

advorsus nemini,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 37:

mentes improborum mihi infensae et adversae,

Cic. Sull. 10:

acclamatio,

id. de Or. 2, 83: adversā avi aliquid facere, vet. poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 16:

adversis auspiciis,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 64, 6:

adversum omen,

Suet. Vit. 8:

adversissima auspicia,

id. Oth. 8: adversae res, misfortune, calamity, adverse fortune:

ut adversas res, sic secundas immoderate ferre levitatis est,

Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf.:

adversi casus,

Nep. Dat. 5:

adversae rerum undae,

a sea of troubles, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 22: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9 (the sup. is found also in Cæs. B. C. 3, 107):

quae magistratus ille dicet, secundis auribus, quae ab nostrum quo dicentur, adversis accipietis?

Liv. 6, 40:

adversus annus frugibus,

id. 4, 12:

valetudo adversa,

i. e. sickness, id. 10, 32:

adversum proelium,

an unsuccessful engagement, id. 7, 29; cf.

8, 31: adverso rumore esse,

to be in bad repute, to have a bad reputation, Tac. Ann. 14, 11:

adversa subsellia,

on which the opposition sit, Quint. 6, 1, 39.—Sometimes met. of feeling, contrary to, hated, hateful, odious:

quīs omnia regna advorsa sint,

Sall. J. 83; cf. Luc. 2, 229 Bentl.— Comp.:

neque est aliud adversius,

Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 35.—

* Adv.: adver-sē, self-contradictorily, Gell. 3, 16.— ad-versum, i, subst., esp. in the plur. adversa, misfortune, calamity, disaster, adversity, evil, mischief:

advorsa ejus per te tecta sient,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 28:

nihil adversi,

Cic. Brut. 1, 4:

si quid adversi accidisset,

Nep. Alc. 8; cf. Liv. 22, 40; 35, 13:

secunda felices, adversa magnos probant,

Plin. Pan. 31;

esp. freq. in Tac.: prospera et adversa pop. Rom., Ann. 1, 1: adversa tempestatum et fluctuum,

id. Agr. 25; so id. A. 3, 24; 45; 2, 69; 4, 13 al.— Subst.: adversus, i, m., an opponent, adversary (rare):

multosque mortalīs ea causa advorsos habeo,

Sall. C. 52, 7.—In Quint. also once ad-versa, ae, f., subst., a female opponent or adversary: natura noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, invenit, 12, 1, 2.—

In rhet., opposed to another of the same genus, e. g. sapientia and stultitia: “Haec quae ex eodem genere contraria sunt, appellantur adversa,” Cic. Top. 11.

adversus or adversum (archaic advor-) (like rursus and rursum, prorsus and prorsum, quorsus and quorsum), adv. and prep., denoting direction to or toward an object (syn.: contra, in with acc., ad, erga).

Adv.: opposite to, against, to, or toward a thing, in a friendly or hostile sense:

ibo advorsum,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 29:

facito, ut venias advorsum mihi,

id. Men. 2, 3, 82:

obsecro te, matri ne quid tuae advorsus fuas, Liv. And. ap. Non. s. v. fuam, 111, 12 (Trag. Rel. p. 3 Rib.): quis hic est, qui advorsus it mihi?

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 22:

adversus resistere,

Nep. Pelop. 1, 3:

nemo adversus ibat,

Liv. 37, 13, 8 al. In Plaut. and Ter. advorsum ire, or venire, to go to meet; also of a slave, to go to meet his master and bring him from a place (hence adversitor, q. v.):

solus nunc eo advorsum hero ex plurimis servis,

Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 23:

ei advorsum venimus,

id. ib. 4, 2, 32; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 2 Ruhnk.—

Prep. with acc., toward or against, in a friendly or a hostile sense.

In a friendly sense.

Of place, turned to or toward, opposite to, before, facing, over against: qui cotidie unguentatus adversum speculum ornetur, before the mirror, Scipio ap. Gell. 7, 12:

adversus advocatos,

Liv. 45, 7, 5:

medicus debet residere illustri loco adversus aegrum,

opposite to the patient, Cels. 3, 6:

adversus Scyllam vergens in Italiam,

Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 87:

Lerina, adversum Antipolim,

id. 3, 5, 11, § 79.—

In the presence of any one, before:

egone ut te advorsum mentiar, mater mea?

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9: idque gratum fuisse advorsum te habeo gratiam, I am thankful that this is acceptable before ( to) thee, Ter. And. 1, 1, 15: paululum adversus praesentem fortitudinem mollitus, somewhat softened at such firmness (of his wife), Tac. A. 15, 63.—Hence very often with verbs of speaking, answering, complaining, etc., to declare or express one's self to any one, to excuse one's self or apologize, and the like: te oportet hoc proloqui advorsum illam mihi, Enn. ap. Non. 232, 24 (Trag. v. 385 Vahl.):

immo si audias, quae dicta dixit me advorsum tibi,

what he told me of you, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 47: de vita ac morte domini fabulavere advorsum fratrem illius, Afran. ap. Non. 232, 25:

mulier, credo, advorsum illum res suas conqueritur,

Titin. ib. 232, 21:

utendum est excusatione etiam adversus eos, quos invitus offendas,

Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68; Tac. A. 3, 71.— With that to which a reply is made, to (= ad):

adversus ea consul... respondit,

Liv. 4, 10, 12; 22, 40, 1; cf. Drak. ad 3, 57, 1.—

In comparison, as if one thing were held toward, set against, or before another (v. ad, I. D. 4.); against, in comparison with, compared to:

repente lectus adversus veterem imperatorem comparabitur,

will be compared with, Liv. 24, 8, 8:

quid autem esse duo prospera bella Samnitium adversus tot decora populi Rom.,

id. 7, 32, 8.—

Of demeanor toward one, to, toward:

quonam modo me gererem adversus Caesarem,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 11:

te adversus me omnia audere gratum est,

i. e. on my account, on my behalf, for my advantage, id. ib. 9, 22, 15:

lentae adversum imperia aures,

Tac. A. 1, 65.—Esp. often of friendly feeling, love, esteem, respect toward or for one (cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 4, 1, 15; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 22; Heusing. ad Cic. Off. 1, 11, 1;

Hab. Syn. 49): est enim pietas justitia adversus deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 116; id. Off. 3, 6, 28:

adhibenda est igitur quaedam reverentia adversus homines,

id. ib. 1, 28, 99 Beier:

sunt quaedam officia adversus eos servanda, a quibus injuriam acceperis,

id. ib. 1, 11, 33:

adversus merita ingratissimus,

Vell. 2, 69, 5:

summa adversus alios aequitas erat,

Liv. 3, 33, 8:

ob egregiam fidem adversus Romanos,

id. 29, 8, 2; so id. 45, 8, 4 al.:

beneficentiā adversus supplices utendum,

Tac. A. 11, 17.— More rarely

of the general relation of an object or act to a person or thing (v. ad, I. D. 1.), in relation, in respect, or in regard to a thing:

epistula, ut adversus magistrum morum, modestior,

as addressed to a censor of manners, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 8:

quasi adversus eos acquieverit sententiae,

in regard to the same, Dig. 49, 1; 3, 1.—

In a hostile sense, against (the most usual class. signif. of this word): “Contra et adversus ita differunt, quod contra, ad locum, ut: contra basilicam; adversus, ad animi motum, ut: adversus illum facio; interdum autem promiscue accipitur,” Charis. p. 207 P.; cf. Cort. ad Sall. J. 101, 8:

advorsum legem accepisti a plurimis pecuniam,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 48:

advorsum te fabulare illud,

against thy interest, to thy disadvantage, id. Stich. 4, 2, 11:

stultus est advorsus aetatem et capitis canitudinem, id. ap. Fest. s. v. canitudinem, p. 47: advorsum animi tui libidinem,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:

adversum leges, adversum rem publicam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195:

respondebat, SI PARET, ADVERSUM EDICTUM FECISSE,

id. ib. 2, 3, 28, §

69: me adversus populum Romanum possem defendere,

id. Phil. 1, 13 al. —In the histt., of a hostile attack, approach, etc.:

gladiis districtis impetum adversus montem in cohortes faciunt,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

adversus se non esse missos exercitus,

Liv. 3, 66:

bellum adversum Xerxem moret,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 24, 3:

copiis quibus usi adversus Romanum bellum,

Liv. 8, 2, 5:

adversus vim atque injuriam pugnantes,

id. 26, 25, 10 al.:

T. Quintius adversus Gallos missus est,

Eutr. 2, 2: Athenienses adversus tantam tempestatem belli duos duces deligunt, Just. 3, 6, 12 al.—Among physicians, of preventives against sickness, against (v. ad, I. A. 2.):

adversus profusionem in his auxilium est,

Cels. 5, 26; 6, 27 al.:

frigidus jam artus et cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,

Tac. A. 15, 64.— Trop.:

egregium adversus tempestates receptaculum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4; so id. ib. 2, 15, 36.—Hence: firmus, invictus, fortis adversus aliquid (like contra), protected against a thing, firm, fixed, secure:

advorsum divitias animum invictum gerebat,

Sall. J. 43, 5:

invictus adversum gratiam animus,

Tac. A. 15, 21:

adversus convicia malosque rumores firmus ac patiens,

Suet. Tib. 28:

Adversus omnes fortis feras canis,

Phaedr. 5, 10, 1; and in opp. sense: infirmus, inferior adversus aliquid, powerless against, unequal to:

fama, infirmissimum adversus vivos fortes telum,

Curt. 4, 14:

infirmus adversum pecuniam,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 9, 6:

inferior adversus laborem,

id. Epit. 40, 20.

Adversus is rarely put after the word which it governs:

egone ut te advorsum mentiar,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9:

hunc adversus,

Nep. Con. 2, 2; id. Tim. 4, 3:

quos advorsum ierat,

Sall. J. 101, 8.—

It sometimes suffers tmesis:

Labienum ad Oceanum versus proficisci jubet,

Caes. B. G. 6, 33:

animadvortit fugam ad se vorsum fieri,

Sall. J. 58:

animum advortere ad se vorsum exercitum pergere,

id. ib. 69: ad Cordubam versus iter facere coepit, Auct. B. Hisp. 10 and 11; cf. in-versus:

in Galliam vorsus castra movere,

Sall. C. 56; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 78; the Eng. to-ward: to us ward, Psa. 40, 5; and the Gr. eis-de: eis halade, Hom. Od. 10, 351.

ad-verto (archaic advor-), ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn a thing to or toward a place (in this signif., without animus; mostly poet.; syn.: observare, animadvertere, videre, cognoscere).

Lit.

In gen., with in or dat.:

illa sese huc advorterat in hanc nostram plateam,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:

in quamcunque domus lumina partem,

Ov. M. 6, 180; cf. id. ib. 8, 482:

malis numen,

Verg. A. 4, 611:

huc aures, huc, quaeso, advertite sensus,

Sil. 16, 213; cf. id. 6, 105.—

Esp., a naut. t. t., to turn, direct, steer a ship to a place:

classem in portum,

Liv. 37, 9 Drak.:

terrae proras,

Verg. A. 7, 35; id. G. 4, 117 al.:

Colchos puppim,

Ov. H. 12, 23.— Absol.:

profugi advertere coloni,

landed, Sil. 1, 288;

hence also transf. to other things: aequore cursum,

Verg. A. 7, 196:

pedem ripae,

id. ib. 6, 386:

urbi agmen,

id. ib. 12, 555: adverti with acc. poet. for verti ad:

Scythicas advertitur oras,

Ov. M. 5, 649 (cf. adducor litora remis, id. ib. 3, 598, and Rudd. II. p. 327).

Fig.

Animum (in the poets and Livy also animos, rarely mentem) advertere; absol., or with adv. or ad aliquid, or alicui rei, to direct the mind, thoughts, or attention to a thing, to advert to, give attention to, attend to, to heed, observe, remark:

si voles advortere animum, Enn. ap. Var. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.): facete advortis animum tuum ad animum meum,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 39:

nunc huc animum advortite ambo,

id. ib. 3, 1, 169:

advertunt animos ad religionem,

Lucr. 3, 54:

monitis animos advertite nostris,

Ov. M. 15, 140:

animum etiam levissimis rebus adverterent,

Tac. A. 13, 49.—With ne, when the object of attention is expressed:

ut animum advertant, ne quos offendant,

Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68:

adverterent animos, ne quid novi tumultūs oriretur,

Liv. 4, 45.—

Animum advertere, to observe a thing by directing the mind to it, to observe, to notice, to remark, to perceive (in the class. period contracted to animadvertere, q. v.).—Constr. with two accusatives, animum advertere aliquid (where aliquid may be regarded as depending on the prep. in comp., Roby, § 1118, or on animum advertere, considered as one idea, to observe), with acc. and inf., or rel. clause (the first mode of construction, most frequent with the pronouns id, hoc, illud, etc., is for the most part ante-class., and appears in Caes., Cic., and Sall. as an archaism):

et hoc animum advorte,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 43:

hanc edictionem,

id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

haec animum te advertere par est,

Lucr. 2, 125:

animum adverti columellam e dumis eminentem,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 65; id. Inv. 2, 51, 153:

Postquam id animum advertit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 4, 12:

quidam Ligus animum advortit inter saxa repentīs cocleas,

Sall. J. 93, 2. In Vitruv. once with hinc:

ut etiam possumus hinc animum advertere,

as we can hence perceive, Vitr. 10, 22, 262.—With the acc. and inf.:

postquam tantopere id vos velle animum advorteram,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 16:

animum advertit magnas esse copiashostium instructas,

Caes. B. G. 5, 18: cum animum adverteret locum relictum esse, Auct. B. Alex. 31; ib. 46.—With the rel. clause: nunc quam rem vitio dent, quaeso, animum advortite, Ter. And. prol. 8: quid ille sperare possit, animum adverte, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9:

quam multarum rerum ipse ignarus esset... animum advertit,

Liv. 24, 48. Sometimes advertere alone = animum advertere; so once in Cicero's letters: nam advertebatur Pompeii familiares assentiri Volcatio, Fam. 1, 1 (although here, as well as almost everywhere, the readings fluctuate between advertere and animadvertere; cf. Orell. ad h. l.; animadvertebatur, B. and K.). So Verg. in the imp.:

qua ratione quod instat, Confieri possit, paucis, adverte, docebo,

attend! Verg. A. 4, 115.—In the histt., esp. Tac. and Pliny, more frequently:

donec advertit Tiberius,

Tac. A. 4, 54:

Zenobiam advertere pastores,

id. ib. 12, 51:

advertere quosdam cultu externo in sedibus senatorum,

id. ib. 13, 54:

quotiens novum aliquid adverterat,

id. ib. 15, 30 al.:

hirudo quam sanguisugam appellari adverto,

Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 29:

ut multos adverto credidisse,

id. 2, 67, 67, § 168. Still more rarely, advertere animo:

animis advertite vestris,

Verg. A. 2, 712:

hanc scientiam ad nostros pervenisse animo adverto,

Plin. 25, 2, 3, § 5; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 4, 27, 8.—

To draw or turn something, esp. the attention of another, to or upon one's self (in the histt.):

gemitus ac planctus militum aures oraque advertere,

Tac. A. 1, 41:

octo aquilae imperatorem advertere,

id. ib. 2, 17: recentia veteraque odia advertit, drew them on himself, id. ib. 4, 21 al.—

To call the attention of one to a definite act, i. e. to admonish of it, to urge to it (cf. II. A.):

non docet admonitio, sed advertit,

i. e. directs attention, Sen. Ep. 94:

advertit ea res Vespasiani animum, ut, etc.,

Tac. H. 3, 48.—

Advertere in aliquem, for the more usual animadvertere in aliquem, to attend to one, i. e. to punish one (only in Tac.):

in P. Marcium consules more prisco advertere,

Tac. A. 2, 32:

ut in reliquos Sejani liberos adverteretur,

id. ib. 5, 9 (cf. id. Germ. 7, 3: animadvertere).—Hence,

adversus (archaic advor-), a, um, P. a., turned to or toward a thing, with the face or front toward, standing over against, opposite, before, in front of (opp. aversus).

In gen.:

solem adversum intueri,

Cic. Somn. Scip. 5:

Iris... Mille trahens varios adverso sole colores,

Verg. A. 4, 701; id. G. 1, 218:

antipodes adversis vestigiis stant contra nostra vestigia,

Cic. Ac. 2, 39: dentes adversi acuti ( the sharp front teeth) morsu dividunt escas, Cic. N. D. 2, 54:

quod is collis, tantum adversus in latitudinem patebat, quantum etc.,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8 Herz. So, hostes adversi, who make front against one advancing or retreating, id. ib. 2, 24:

L. Cotta legatus in adversum os fundā vulneratur,

in front, Caes. B. G. 5, 35; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1; Liv. 21, 7 fin. al.; hence, vulnus adversum, a wound in front (on the contr., vulnus aversum, a wound in the back), Cic. Har. Resp. 19:

adversis vulneribus,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 35, 4:

judicibus cicatrices adversas ostendere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 28:

cicatrices populus Romanus aspiceret adverso corpore exceptas,

id. Verr. 5, 3:

impetus hostium adversos, Auct. B. Alex. 8: Romani advorso colle evadunt,

ascend the hill in front, Sall. J. 52:

adversa signa,

Liv. 30, 8:

legiones quas Visellius et C. Silius adversis itineribus objecerant,

i. e. marches in which they went to meet the enemy, Tac. A. 3, 42: sed adverso fulgure ( by a flash of lightning falling directly before him) pavefactus est Nero, Suet. Ner. 48:

armenta egit Hannibal in adversos montes,

Quint. 2, 17, 19; cf. Lucr. 3, 1013; so Hor. S. 1, 1, 103; 2, 3, 205:

qui timet his adversa,

the opposite of this, id. Ep. 1, 6, 9 al. —Hence, of rivers: flumine adverso, up the stream, against the stream:

in adversum flumen contendere,

Lucr. 4, 423:

adverso feruntur flumine,

id. 6, 720; so Verg. G. 1, 201:

adverso amne,

Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 33;

adverso Tiberi subvehi,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 22, 3 (opp. to secundā aquā, down stream, with the stream:

rate in secundam aquam labente,

Liv. 21, 47, 3); and of winds, opposed to a vessel's course, head winds, contrary winds, consequently unfavorable, adverse:

navigationes adversis ventis praecluduntur, Auct. B. Alex. 8: adversissimi navigantibus venti,

Caes. B. C. 3, 107.— Subst.: adversum, i, the opposite: hic ventus a septentrionibus oriens adversum tenet Athenis proficiscentibus, [p. 50] holds the opposite to those sailing from Athens, i. e. blows against them, Nep. Milt. 1 (so Nipperdey; but v. Hand, Turs. I. p. 183). — Adv.: ex adverso, also written exadverso and exadversum, opposite to, over against, ek tou enantiou:

portus ex adverso urbi positus,

Liv. 45, 10.—With gen.:

Patrae ex adverso Aetoliae et fluminis Eveni,

Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11.—Without case:

cum ex adverso starent classes,

Just. 2, 14; so Suet. Caes. 39; Tib. 33.—In adversum, to the opposite side, against:

et duo in adversum immissi per moenia currus,

against each other, Prop. 3, 9, 23; so Gell. 2, 30; cf. Verg. A. 8, 237;

in adversum Romani subiere,

Liv. 1, 12; 7, 23.—

In hostile opposition to, adverse to, unfavorable, unpropitious (opp. secundus; frequent and class.): conqueri fortunam adversam, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50:

hic dies pervorsus atque advorsus mihi obtigit,

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 1:

advorsus nemini,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 37:

mentes improborum mihi infensae et adversae,

Cic. Sull. 10:

acclamatio,

id. de Or. 2, 83: adversā avi aliquid facere, vet. poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 16:

adversis auspiciis,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 64, 6:

adversum omen,

Suet. Vit. 8:

adversissima auspicia,

id. Oth. 8: adversae res, misfortune, calamity, adverse fortune:

ut adversas res, sic secundas immoderate ferre levitatis est,

Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf.:

adversi casus,

Nep. Dat. 5:

adversae rerum undae,

a sea of troubles, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 22: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9 (the sup. is found also in Cæs. B. C. 3, 107):

quae magistratus ille dicet, secundis auribus, quae ab nostrum quo dicentur, adversis accipietis?

Liv. 6, 40:

adversus annus frugibus,

id. 4, 12:

valetudo adversa,

i. e. sickness, id. 10, 32:

adversum proelium,

an unsuccessful engagement, id. 7, 29; cf.

8, 31: adverso rumore esse,

to be in bad repute, to have a bad reputation, Tac. Ann. 14, 11:

adversa subsellia,

on which the opposition sit, Quint. 6, 1, 39.—Sometimes met. of feeling, contrary to, hated, hateful, odious:

quīs omnia regna advorsa sint,

Sall. J. 83; cf. Luc. 2, 229 Bentl.— Comp.:

neque est aliud adversius,

Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 35.—

* Adv.: adver-sē, self-contradictorily, Gell. 3, 16.— ad-versum, i, subst., esp. in the plur. adversa, misfortune, calamity, disaster, adversity, evil, mischief:

advorsa ejus per te tecta sient,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 28:

nihil adversi,

Cic. Brut. 1, 4:

si quid adversi accidisset,

Nep. Alc. 8; cf. Liv. 22, 40; 35, 13:

secunda felices, adversa magnos probant,

Plin. Pan. 31;

esp. freq. in Tac.: prospera et adversa pop. Rom., Ann. 1, 1: adversa tempestatum et fluctuum,

id. Agr. 25; so id. A. 3, 24; 45; 2, 69; 4, 13 al.— Subst.: adversus, i, m., an opponent, adversary (rare):

multosque mortalīs ea causa advorsos habeo,

Sall. C. 52, 7.—In Quint. also once ad-versa, ae, f., subst., a female opponent or adversary: natura noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, invenit, 12, 1, 2.—

In rhet., opposed to another of the same genus, e. g. sapientia and stultitia: “Haec quae ex eodem genere contraria sunt, appellantur adversa,” Cic. Top. 11.

adversus or adversum (archaic advor-) (like rursus and rursum, prorsus and prorsum, quorsus and quorsum), adv. and prep., denoting direction to or toward an object (syn.: contra, in with acc., ad, erga).

Adv.: opposite to, against, to, or toward a thing, in a friendly or hostile sense:

ibo advorsum,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 29:

facito, ut venias advorsum mihi,

id. Men. 2, 3, 82:

obsecro te, matri ne quid tuae advorsus fuas, Liv. And. ap. Non. s. v. fuam, 111, 12 (Trag. Rel. p. 3 Rib.): quis hic est, qui advorsus it mihi?

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 22:

adversus resistere,

Nep. Pelop. 1, 3:

nemo adversus ibat,

Liv. 37, 13, 8 al. In Plaut. and Ter. advorsum ire, or venire, to go to meet; also of a slave, to go to meet his master and bring him from a place (hence adversitor, q. v.):

solus nunc eo advorsum hero ex plurimis servis,

Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 23:

ei advorsum venimus,

id. ib. 4, 2, 32; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 2 Ruhnk.—

Prep. with acc., toward or against, in a friendly or a hostile sense.

In a friendly sense.

Of place, turned to or toward, opposite to, before, facing, over against: qui cotidie unguentatus adversum speculum ornetur, before the mirror, Scipio ap. Gell. 7, 12:

adversus advocatos,

Liv. 45, 7, 5:

medicus debet residere illustri loco adversus aegrum,

opposite to the patient, Cels. 3, 6:

adversus Scyllam vergens in Italiam,

Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 87:

Lerina, adversum Antipolim,

id. 3, 5, 11, § 79.—

In the presence of any one, before:

egone ut te advorsum mentiar, mater mea?

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9: idque gratum fuisse advorsum te habeo gratiam, I am thankful that this is acceptable before ( to) thee, Ter. And. 1, 1, 15: paululum adversus praesentem fortitudinem mollitus, somewhat softened at such firmness (of his wife), Tac. A. 15, 63.—Hence very often with verbs of speaking, answering, complaining, etc., to declare or express one's self to any one, to excuse one's self or apologize, and the like: te oportet hoc proloqui advorsum illam mihi, Enn. ap. Non. 232, 24 (Trag. v. 385 Vahl.):

immo si audias, quae dicta dixit me advorsum tibi,

what he told me of you, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 47: de vita ac morte domini fabulavere advorsum fratrem illius, Afran. ap. Non. 232, 25:

mulier, credo, advorsum illum res suas conqueritur,

Titin. ib. 232, 21:

utendum est excusatione etiam adversus eos, quos invitus offendas,

Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68; Tac. A. 3, 71.— With that to which a reply is made, to (= ad):

adversus ea consul... respondit,

Liv. 4, 10, 12; 22, 40, 1; cf. Drak. ad 3, 57, 1.—

In comparison, as if one thing were held toward, set against, or before another (v. ad, I. D. 4.); against, in comparison with, compared to:

repente lectus adversus veterem imperatorem comparabitur,

will be compared with, Liv. 24, 8, 8:

quid autem esse duo prospera bella Samnitium adversus tot decora populi Rom.,

id. 7, 32, 8.—

Of demeanor toward one, to, toward:

quonam modo me gererem adversus Caesarem,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 11:

te adversus me omnia audere gratum est,

i. e. on my account, on my behalf, for my advantage, id. ib. 9, 22, 15:

lentae adversum imperia aures,

Tac. A. 1, 65.—Esp. often of friendly feeling, love, esteem, respect toward or for one (cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 4, 1, 15; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 22; Heusing. ad Cic. Off. 1, 11, 1;

Hab. Syn. 49): est enim pietas justitia adversus deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 116; id. Off. 3, 6, 28:

adhibenda est igitur quaedam reverentia adversus homines,

id. ib. 1, 28, 99 Beier:

sunt quaedam officia adversus eos servanda, a quibus injuriam acceperis,

id. ib. 1, 11, 33:

adversus merita ingratissimus,

Vell. 2, 69, 5:

summa adversus alios aequitas erat,

Liv. 3, 33, 8:

ob egregiam fidem adversus Romanos,

id. 29, 8, 2; so id. 45, 8, 4 al.:

beneficentiā adversus supplices utendum,

Tac. A. 11, 17.— More rarely

of the general relation of an object or act to a person or thing (v. ad, I. D. 1.), in relation, in respect, or in regard to a thing:

epistula, ut adversus magistrum morum, modestior,

as addressed to a censor of manners, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 8:

quasi adversus eos acquieverit sententiae,

in regard to the same, Dig. 49, 1; 3, 1.—

In a hostile sense, against (the most usual class. signif. of this word): “Contra et adversus ita differunt, quod contra, ad locum, ut: contra basilicam; adversus, ad animi motum, ut: adversus illum facio; interdum autem promiscue accipitur,” Charis. p. 207 P.; cf. Cort. ad Sall. J. 101, 8:

advorsum legem accepisti a plurimis pecuniam,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 48:

advorsum te fabulare illud,

against thy interest, to thy disadvantage, id. Stich. 4, 2, 11:

stultus est advorsus aetatem et capitis canitudinem, id. ap. Fest. s. v. canitudinem, p. 47: advorsum animi tui libidinem,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:

adversum leges, adversum rem publicam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195:

respondebat, SI PARET, ADVERSUM EDICTUM FECISSE,

id. ib. 2, 3, 28, §

69: me adversus populum Romanum possem defendere,

id. Phil. 1, 13 al. —In the histt., of a hostile attack, approach, etc.:

gladiis districtis impetum adversus montem in cohortes faciunt,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

adversus se non esse missos exercitus,

Liv. 3, 66:

bellum adversum Xerxem moret,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 24, 3:

copiis quibus usi adversus Romanum bellum,

Liv. 8, 2, 5:

adversus vim atque injuriam pugnantes,

id. 26, 25, 10 al.:

T. Quintius adversus Gallos missus est,

Eutr. 2, 2: Athenienses adversus tantam tempestatem belli duos duces deligunt, Just. 3, 6, 12 al.—Among physicians, of preventives against sickness, against (v. ad, I. A. 2.):

adversus profusionem in his auxilium est,

Cels. 5, 26; 6, 27 al.:

frigidus jam artus et cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,

Tac. A. 15, 64.— Trop.:

egregium adversus tempestates receptaculum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4; so id. ib. 2, 15, 36.—Hence: firmus, invictus, fortis adversus aliquid (like contra), protected against a thing, firm, fixed, secure:

advorsum divitias animum invictum gerebat,

Sall. J. 43, 5:

invictus adversum gratiam animus,

Tac. A. 15, 21:

adversus convicia malosque rumores firmus ac patiens,

Suet. Tib. 28:

Adversus omnes fortis feras canis,

Phaedr. 5, 10, 1; and in opp. sense: infirmus, inferior adversus aliquid, powerless against, unequal to:

fama, infirmissimum adversus vivos fortes telum,

Curt. 4, 14:

infirmus adversum pecuniam,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 9, 6:

inferior adversus laborem,

id. Epit. 40, 20.

Adversus is rarely put after the word which it governs:

egone ut te advorsum mentiar,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9:

hunc adversus,

Nep. Con. 2, 2; id. Tim. 4, 3:

quos advorsum ierat,

Sall. J. 101, 8.—

It sometimes suffers tmesis:

Labienum ad Oceanum versus proficisci jubet,

Caes. B. G. 6, 33:

animadvortit fugam ad se vorsum fieri,

Sall. J. 58:

animum advortere ad se vorsum exercitum pergere,

id. ib. 69: ad Cordubam versus iter facere coepit, Auct. B. Hisp. 10 and 11; cf. in-versus:

in Galliam vorsus castra movere,

Sall. C. 56; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 78; the Eng. to-ward: to us ward, Psa. 40, 5; and the Gr. eis-de: eis halade, Hom. Od. 10, 351.

ad-verto (archaic advor-), ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn a thing to or toward a place (in this signif., without animus; mostly poet.; syn.: observare, animadvertere, videre, cognoscere).

Lit.

In gen., with in or dat.:

illa sese huc advorterat in hanc nostram plateam,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:

in quamcunque domus lumina partem,

Ov. M. 6, 180; cf. id. ib. 8, 482:

malis numen,

Verg. A. 4, 611:

huc aures, huc, quaeso, advertite sensus,

Sil. 16, 213; cf. id. 6, 105.—

Esp., a naut. t. t., to turn, direct, steer a ship to a place:

classem in portum,

Liv. 37, 9 Drak.:

terrae proras,

Verg. A. 7, 35; id. G. 4, 117 al.:

Colchos puppim,

Ov. H. 12, 23.— Absol.:

profugi advertere coloni,

landed, Sil. 1, 288;

hence also transf. to other things: aequore cursum,

Verg. A. 7, 196:

pedem ripae,

id. ib. 6, 386:

urbi agmen,

id. ib. 12, 555: adverti with acc. poet. for verti ad:

Scythicas advertitur oras,

Ov. M. 5, 649 (cf. adducor litora remis, id. ib. 3, 598, and Rudd. II. p. 327).

Fig.

Animum (in the poets and Livy also animos, rarely mentem) advertere; absol., or with adv. or ad aliquid, or alicui rei, to direct the mind, thoughts, or attention to a thing, to advert to, give attention to, attend to, to heed, observe, remark:

si voles advortere animum, Enn. ap. Var. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.): facete advortis animum tuum ad animum meum,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 39:

nunc huc animum advortite ambo,

id. ib. 3, 1, 169:

advertunt animos ad religionem,

Lucr. 3, 54:

monitis animos advertite nostris,

Ov. M. 15, 140:

animum etiam levissimis rebus adverterent,

Tac. A. 13, 49.—With ne, when the object of attention is expressed:

ut animum advertant, ne quos offendant,

Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68:

adverterent animos, ne quid novi tumultūs oriretur,

Liv. 4, 45.—

Animum advertere, to observe a thing by directing the mind to it, to observe, to notice, to remark, to perceive (in the class. period contracted to animadvertere, q. v.).—Constr. with two accusatives, animum advertere aliquid (where aliquid may be regarded as depending on the prep. in comp., Roby, § 1118, or on animum advertere, considered as one idea, to observe), with acc. and inf., or rel. clause (the first mode of construction, most frequent with the pronouns id, hoc, illud, etc., is for the most part ante-class., and appears in Caes., Cic., and Sall. as an archaism):

et hoc animum advorte,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 43:

hanc edictionem,

id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

haec animum te advertere par est,

Lucr. 2, 125:

animum adverti columellam e dumis eminentem,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 65; id. Inv. 2, 51, 153:

Postquam id animum advertit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 4, 12:

quidam Ligus animum advortit inter saxa repentīs cocleas,

Sall. J. 93, 2. In Vitruv. once with hinc:

ut etiam possumus hinc animum advertere,

as we can hence perceive, Vitr. 10, 22, 262.—With the acc. and inf.:

postquam tantopere id vos velle animum advorteram,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 16:

animum advertit magnas esse copiashostium instructas,

Caes. B. G. 5, 18: cum animum adverteret locum relictum esse, Auct. B. Alex. 31; ib. 46.—With the rel. clause: nunc quam rem vitio dent, quaeso, animum advortite, Ter. And. prol. 8: quid ille sperare possit, animum adverte, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9:

quam multarum rerum ipse ignarus esset... animum advertit,

Liv. 24, 48. Sometimes advertere alone = animum advertere; so once in Cicero's letters: nam advertebatur Pompeii familiares assentiri Volcatio, Fam. 1, 1 (although here, as well as almost everywhere, the readings fluctuate between advertere and animadvertere; cf. Orell. ad h. l.; animadvertebatur, B. and K.). So Verg. in the imp.:

qua ratione quod instat, Confieri possit, paucis, adverte, docebo,

attend! Verg. A. 4, 115.—In the histt., esp. Tac. and Pliny, more frequently:

donec advertit Tiberius,

Tac. A. 4, 54:

Zenobiam advertere pastores,

id. ib. 12, 51:

advertere quosdam cultu externo in sedibus senatorum,

id. ib. 13, 54:

quotiens novum aliquid adverterat,

id. ib. 15, 30 al.:

hirudo quam sanguisugam appellari adverto,

Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 29:

ut multos adverto credidisse,

id. 2, 67, 67, § 168. Still more rarely, advertere animo:

animis advertite vestris,

Verg. A. 2, 712:

hanc scientiam ad nostros pervenisse animo adverto,

Plin. 25, 2, 3, § 5; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 4, 27, 8.—

To draw or turn something, esp. the attention of another, to or upon one's self (in the histt.):

gemitus ac planctus militum aures oraque advertere,

Tac. A. 1, 41:

octo aquilae imperatorem advertere,

id. ib. 2, 17: recentia veteraque odia advertit, drew them on himself, id. ib. 4, 21 al.—

To call the attention of one to a definite act, i. e. to admonish of it, to urge to it (cf. II. A.):

non docet admonitio, sed advertit,

i. e. directs attention, Sen. Ep. 94:

advertit ea res Vespasiani animum, ut, etc.,

Tac. H. 3, 48.—

Advertere in aliquem, for the more usual animadvertere in aliquem, to attend to one, i. e. to punish one (only in Tac.):

in P. Marcium consules more prisco advertere,

Tac. A. 2, 32:

ut in reliquos Sejani liberos adverteretur,

id. ib. 5, 9 (cf. id. Germ. 7, 3: animadvertere).—Hence,

adversus (archaic advor-), a, um, P. a., turned to or toward a thing, with the face or front toward, standing over against, opposite, before, in front of (opp. aversus).

In gen.:

solem adversum intueri,

Cic. Somn. Scip. 5:

Iris... Mille trahens varios adverso sole colores,

Verg. A. 4, 701; id. G. 1, 218:

antipodes adversis vestigiis stant contra nostra vestigia,

Cic. Ac. 2, 39: dentes adversi acuti ( the sharp front teeth) morsu dividunt escas, Cic. N. D. 2, 54:

quod is collis, tantum adversus in latitudinem patebat, quantum etc.,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8 Herz. So, hostes adversi, who make front against one advancing or retreating, id. ib. 2, 24:

L. Cotta legatus in adversum os fundā vulneratur,

in front, Caes. B. G. 5, 35; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1; Liv. 21, 7 fin. al.; hence, vulnus adversum, a wound in front (on the contr., vulnus aversum, a wound in the back), Cic. Har. Resp. 19:

adversis vulneribus,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 35, 4:

judicibus cicatrices adversas ostendere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 28:

cicatrices populus Romanus aspiceret adverso corpore exceptas,

id. Verr. 5, 3:

impetus hostium adversos, Auct. B. Alex. 8: Romani advorso colle evadunt,

ascend the hill in front, Sall. J. 52:

adversa signa,

Liv. 30, 8:

legiones quas Visellius et C. Silius adversis itineribus objecerant,

i. e. marches in which they went to meet the enemy, Tac. A. 3, 42: sed adverso fulgure ( by a flash of lightning falling directly before him) pavefactus est Nero, Suet. Ner. 48:

armenta egit Hannibal in adversos montes,

Quint. 2, 17, 19; cf. Lucr. 3, 1013; so Hor. S. 1, 1, 103; 2, 3, 205:

qui timet his adversa,

the opposite of this, id. Ep. 1, 6, 9 al. —Hence, of rivers: flumine adverso, up the stream, against the stream:

in adversum flumen contendere,

Lucr. 4, 423:

adverso feruntur flumine,

id. 6, 720; so Verg. G. 1, 201:

adverso amne,

Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 33;

adverso Tiberi subvehi,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 22, 3 (opp. to secundā aquā, down stream, with the stream:

rate in secundam aquam labente,

Liv. 21, 47, 3); and of winds, opposed to a vessel's course, head winds, contrary winds, consequently unfavorable, adverse:

navigationes adversis ventis praecluduntur, Auct. B. Alex. 8: adversissimi navigantibus venti,

Caes. B. C. 3, 107.— Subst.: adversum, i, the opposite: hic ventus a septentrionibus oriens adversum tenet Athenis proficiscentibus, [p. 50] holds the opposite to those sailing from Athens, i. e. blows against them, Nep. Milt. 1 (so Nipperdey; but v. Hand, Turs. I. p. 183). — Adv.: ex adverso, also written exadverso and exadversum, opposite to, over against, ek tou enantiou:

portus ex adverso urbi positus,

Liv. 45, 10.—With gen.:

Patrae ex adverso Aetoliae et fluminis Eveni,

Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11.—Without case:

cum ex adverso starent classes,

Just. 2, 14; so Suet. Caes. 39; Tib. 33.—In adversum, to the opposite side, against:

et duo in adversum immissi per moenia currus,

against each other, Prop. 3, 9, 23; so Gell. 2, 30; cf. Verg. A. 8, 237;

in adversum Romani subiere,

Liv. 1, 12; 7, 23.—

In hostile opposition to, adverse to, unfavorable, unpropitious (opp. secundus; frequent and class.): conqueri fortunam adversam, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50:

hic dies pervorsus atque advorsus mihi obtigit,

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 1:

advorsus nemini,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 37:

mentes improborum mihi infensae et adversae,

Cic. Sull. 10:

acclamatio,

id. de Or. 2, 83: adversā avi aliquid facere, vet. poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 16:

adversis auspiciis,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 64, 6:

adversum omen,

Suet. Vit. 8:

adversissima auspicia,

id. Oth. 8: adversae res, misfortune, calamity, adverse fortune:

ut adversas res, sic secundas immoderate ferre levitatis est,

Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf.:

adversi casus,

Nep. Dat. 5:

adversae rerum undae,

a sea of troubles, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 22: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9 (the sup. is found also in Cæs. B. C. 3, 107):

quae magistratus ille dicet, secundis auribus, quae ab nostrum quo dicentur, adversis accipietis?

Liv. 6, 40:

adversus annus frugibus,

id. 4, 12:

valetudo adversa,

i. e. sickness, id. 10, 32:

adversum proelium,

an unsuccessful engagement, id. 7, 29; cf.

8, 31: adverso rumore esse,

to be in bad repute, to have a bad reputation, Tac. Ann. 14, 11:

adversa subsellia,

on which the opposition sit, Quint. 6, 1, 39.—Sometimes met. of feeling, contrary to, hated, hateful, odious:

quīs omnia regna advorsa sint,

Sall. J. 83; cf. Luc. 2, 229 Bentl.— Comp.:

neque est aliud adversius,

Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 35.—

* Adv.: adver-sē, self-contradictorily, Gell. 3, 16.— ad-versum, i, subst., esp. in the plur. adversa, misfortune, calamity, disaster, adversity, evil, mischief:

advorsa ejus per te tecta sient,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 28:

nihil adversi,

Cic. Brut. 1, 4:

si quid adversi accidisset,

Nep. Alc. 8; cf. Liv. 22, 40; 35, 13:

secunda felices, adversa magnos probant,

Plin. Pan. 31;

esp. freq. in Tac.: prospera et adversa pop. Rom., Ann. 1, 1: adversa tempestatum et fluctuum,

id. Agr. 25; so id. A. 3, 24; 45; 2, 69; 4, 13 al.— Subst.: adversus, i, m., an opponent, adversary (rare):

multosque mortalīs ea causa advorsos habeo,

Sall. C. 52, 7.—In Quint. also once ad-versa, ae, f., subst., a female opponent or adversary: natura noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, invenit, 12, 1, 2.—

In rhet., opposed to another of the same genus, e. g. sapientia and stultitia: “Haec quae ex eodem genere contraria sunt, appellantur adversa,” Cic. Top. 11.

adversus or adversum (archaic advor-) (like rursus and rursum, prorsus and prorsum, quorsus and quorsum), adv. and prep., denoting direction to or toward an object (syn.: contra, in with acc., ad, erga).

Adv.: opposite to, against, to, or toward a thing, in a friendly or hostile sense:

ibo advorsum,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 29:

facito, ut venias advorsum mihi,

id. Men. 2, 3, 82:

obsecro te, matri ne quid tuae advorsus fuas, Liv. And. ap. Non. s. v. fuam, 111, 12 (Trag. Rel. p. 3 Rib.): quis hic est, qui advorsus it mihi?

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 22:

adversus resistere,

Nep. Pelop. 1, 3:

nemo adversus ibat,

Liv. 37, 13, 8 al. In Plaut. and Ter. advorsum ire, or venire, to go to meet; also of a slave, to go to meet his master and bring him from a place (hence adversitor, q. v.):

solus nunc eo advorsum hero ex plurimis servis,

Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 23:

ei advorsum venimus,

id. ib. 4, 2, 32; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 2 Ruhnk.—

Prep. with acc., toward or against, in a friendly or a hostile sense.

In a friendly sense.

Of place, turned to or toward, opposite to, before, facing, over against: qui cotidie unguentatus adversum speculum ornetur, before the mirror, Scipio ap. Gell. 7, 12:

adversus advocatos,

Liv. 45, 7, 5:

medicus debet residere illustri loco adversus aegrum,

opposite to the patient, Cels. 3, 6:

adversus Scyllam vergens in Italiam,

Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 87:

Lerina, adversum Antipolim,

id. 3, 5, 11, § 79.—

In the presence of any one, before:

egone ut te advorsum mentiar, mater mea?

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9: idque gratum fuisse advorsum te habeo gratiam, I am thankful that this is acceptable before ( to) thee, Ter. And. 1, 1, 15: paululum adversus praesentem fortitudinem mollitus, somewhat softened at such firmness (of his wife), Tac. A. 15, 63.—Hence very often with verbs of speaking, answering, complaining, etc., to declare or express one's self to any one, to excuse one's self or apologize, and the like: te oportet hoc proloqui advorsum illam mihi, Enn. ap. Non. 232, 24 (Trag. v. 385 Vahl.):

immo si audias, quae dicta dixit me advorsum tibi,

what he told me of you, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 47: de vita ac morte domini fabulavere advorsum fratrem illius, Afran. ap. Non. 232, 25:

mulier, credo, advorsum illum res suas conqueritur,

Titin. ib. 232, 21:

utendum est excusatione etiam adversus eos, quos invitus offendas,

Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68; Tac. A. 3, 71.— With that to which a reply is made, to (= ad):

adversus ea consul... respondit,

Liv. 4, 10, 12; 22, 40, 1; cf. Drak. ad 3, 57, 1.—

In comparison, as if one thing were held toward, set against, or before another (v. ad, I. D. 4.); against, in comparison with, compared to:

repente lectus adversus veterem imperatorem comparabitur,

will be compared with, Liv. 24, 8, 8:

quid autem esse duo prospera bella Samnitium adversus tot decora populi Rom.,

id. 7, 32, 8.—

Of demeanor toward one, to, toward:

quonam modo me gererem adversus Caesarem,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 11:

te adversus me omnia audere gratum est,

i. e. on my account, on my behalf, for my advantage, id. ib. 9, 22, 15:

lentae adversum imperia aures,

Tac. A. 1, 65.—Esp. often of friendly feeling, love, esteem, respect toward or for one (cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 4, 1, 15; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 22; Heusing. ad Cic. Off. 1, 11, 1;

Hab. Syn. 49): est enim pietas justitia adversus deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 116; id. Off. 3, 6, 28:

adhibenda est igitur quaedam reverentia adversus homines,

id. ib. 1, 28, 99 Beier:

sunt quaedam officia adversus eos servanda, a quibus injuriam acceperis,

id. ib. 1, 11, 33:

adversus merita ingratissimus,

Vell. 2, 69, 5:

summa adversus alios aequitas erat,

Liv. 3, 33, 8:

ob egregiam fidem adversus Romanos,

id. 29, 8, 2; so id. 45, 8, 4 al.:

beneficentiā adversus supplices utendum,

Tac. A. 11, 17.— More rarely

of the general relation of an object or act to a person or thing (v. ad, I. D. 1.), in relation, in respect, or in regard to a thing:

epistula, ut adversus magistrum morum, modestior,

as addressed to a censor of manners, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 8:

quasi adversus eos acquieverit sententiae,

in regard to the same, Dig. 49, 1; 3, 1.—

In a hostile sense, against (the most usual class. signif. of this word): “Contra et adversus ita differunt, quod contra, ad locum, ut: contra basilicam; adversus, ad animi motum, ut: adversus illum facio; interdum autem promiscue accipitur,” Charis. p. 207 P.; cf. Cort. ad Sall. J. 101, 8:

advorsum legem accepisti a plurimis pecuniam,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 48:

advorsum te fabulare illud,

against thy interest, to thy disadvantage, id. Stich. 4, 2, 11:

stultus est advorsus aetatem et capitis canitudinem, id. ap. Fest. s. v. canitudinem, p. 47: advorsum animi tui libidinem,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:

adversum leges, adversum rem publicam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195:

respondebat, SI PARET, ADVERSUM EDICTUM FECISSE,

id. ib. 2, 3, 28, §

69: me adversus populum Romanum possem defendere,

id. Phil. 1, 13 al. —In the histt., of a hostile attack, approach, etc.:

gladiis districtis impetum adversus montem in cohortes faciunt,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

adversus se non esse missos exercitus,

Liv. 3, 66:

bellum adversum Xerxem moret,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 24, 3:

copiis quibus usi adversus Romanum bellum,

Liv. 8, 2, 5:

adversus vim atque injuriam pugnantes,

id. 26, 25, 10 al.:

T. Quintius adversus Gallos missus est,

Eutr. 2, 2: Athenienses adversus tantam tempestatem belli duos duces deligunt, Just. 3, 6, 12 al.—Among physicians, of preventives against sickness, against (v. ad, I. A. 2.):

adversus profusionem in his auxilium est,

Cels. 5, 26; 6, 27 al.:

frigidus jam artus et cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,

Tac. A. 15, 64.— Trop.:

egregium adversus tempestates receptaculum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4; so id. ib. 2, 15, 36.—Hence: firmus, invictus, fortis adversus aliquid (like contra), protected against a thing, firm, fixed, secure:

advorsum divitias animum invictum gerebat,

Sall. J. 43, 5:

invictus adversum gratiam animus,

Tac. A. 15, 21:

adversus convicia malosque rumores firmus ac patiens,

Suet. Tib. 28:

Adversus omnes fortis feras canis,

Phaedr. 5, 10, 1; and in opp. sense: infirmus, inferior adversus aliquid, powerless against, unequal to:

fama, infirmissimum adversus vivos fortes telum,

Curt. 4, 14:

infirmus adversum pecuniam,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 9, 6:

inferior adversus laborem,

id. Epit. 40, 20.

Adversus is rarely put after the word which it governs:

egone ut te advorsum mentiar,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9:

hunc adversus,

Nep. Con. 2, 2; id. Tim. 4, 3:

quos advorsum ierat,

Sall. J. 101, 8.—

It sometimes suffers tmesis:

Labienum ad Oceanum versus proficisci jubet,

Caes. B. G. 6, 33:

animadvortit fugam ad se vorsum fieri,

Sall. J. 58:

animum advortere ad se vorsum exercitum pergere,

id. ib. 69: ad Cordubam versus iter facere coepit, Auct. B. Hisp. 10 and 11; cf. in-versus:

in Galliam vorsus castra movere,

Sall. C. 56; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 78; the Eng. to-ward: to us ward, Psa. 40, 5; and the Gr. eis-de: eis halade, Hom. Od. 10, 351.

adversārĭus, a, um, adj. [adversus].

Turned toward one or lying before one's eyes; hence, adversārĭa, ōrum (sc. scripta), in mercantile language, a book at hand in which all matters are entered temporarily as they occur, a waste-book, day-book, journal, memoranda, etc.:

Quid est quod neglegenter scribamus adversaria? quid est. quod diligenter conficiamus tabulas? Qua de causa? Quia haec sunt menstrua, illae sunt aeternae: haec delentur statim, illae servantur sancte, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 2, 5 and 7.

Standing opposite or opposed to one, as an antagonist, in any kind of contest, in which the contending parties may be the best friends, e. g. in elections, auctions, discussions, etc. (cf. Doed. Syn. 4, 395;

in gen., only of persons, while contrarius is used of things,

Front. Differ. 2198 P.).

Adj.:

tribunus seditiosis adversarius,

Cic. Clu. 34, [p. 49] 94:

vis juri adversaria,

id. Caecin. 2:

opinio oratori,

id. de Or. 2, 37:

duces,

id. Phil. 3, 8:

populus, adversarius, invidus etiam potentiae,

in hostile opposition to those in power, Nep. Timoth. 3:

factio,

id. Phoc. 3:

frater,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 63 al. —

Subst.: adversārĭus, i, m., an antagonist, opponent, adversary, an enemy, rival (the most usual class. signif. of the word):

valentiorem nactus adversarium,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 64: injuria adversariūm, Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 14; cf. id. Ad. prol. 2:

tribuni plebis illius adversarii, defensores mei,

Cic. Mil. 15; so id. Quint. 2; id. Vatin. 1; id. Har. Resp. 16, 24; Nep. Dion. 7; Hor. S. 1, 9, 75.—Of wrestlers and other athletæ:

pugiles etiam cum feriunt adversarium... ingemiscunt,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 23, 56; also,

in auctions, of opposing bidders: res major est quam facultates nostrae praesertim adversario et cupido et locuplete,

Cic. Att. 12, 43; cf. id. ib. 13, 31.—In Cic. also in the fem.: adversārĭa, ae:

est tibi gravis adversaria constituta et parata, incredibilis quaedam exspectatio,

id. Fam. 2, 4, 2; and in the neutr. plur.: adversārĭa, ōrum, the arguments, assertions of the antagonist, Cic. Or. 35, 122.

more freq. than Cic. and Hor. use adversarius like hostis for an enemy in war:

adversarios in fuga esse,

Nep. Them. 4:

multitudo adversariorum,

id. Dat. 6:

montem occupat, ne forte cedentibus adversariis receptui foret,

Sall. J. 50; Suet. Caes. 30, 36, 68; id. Dom. 1; Curt. 3, 11; Vulg. Deut. 20, 4; Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 75, 8; 69, 2; cf. advosem in Fest. p. 25 Müll.

Claudĭus ( Clōdĭus, like claudo and clodo, codex and caudex, plostrum and plaustrum, [p. 351] etc.), Claudĭa, Clōdĭa, the name of two very celebrated Roman gentes (one patrician, the other plebeian; cf. Suet. Tib. 1 and 2; Verg. A. 7, 708; Liv. 2, 16, 4).

Claudius; so,

App. Claudius Caecus (v. Appius).—

The historian Q. Claudius Quadrigarius, a contemporary of Sulla and Sisenna, Vell. 2, 9, 6; Gell. 1, 7, 9.—Called simply Claudius, Liv. 8, 19, 13; 9, 5, 2.—

The emperor Claudius;

in full, Tiberius Claudius Drusus Nero Germanicus,

Suet. Claud. 1 sqq.; Tac. A. 11, 1 sqq.—

In fem.: Claudĭa, a female of the gens Claudia.—

Clodius. Thus the restless tribune of the people, and enemy of Cicero, P. Clodius Pulcher, who was killed by Milo; v. Cic. Mil.—

Hence,

Claudĭus ( Clōd-), a, um, Claudian, Clodian: Via Claudia (Clodia), a branch of the Via Cassia, Ov. P. 1, 8, 44; Front. Aquaed. 11.—Aqua Claudia, an aqueduct begun by the emperor Caligula, and finished by the emperor Claudius, Front. Aquaed. 13 sq.; Suet. Claud. 20 Bremi.—Tribus Claudia, beyond the Anio, named after the progenitor of the gens Claudia, Liv. 2, 16, 5; Verg. A. 7, 708; cf.

Serv. in h. l.—Leges Clodiae,

proceeding from the tribune of the people, Clodius, Cic. Sest. 25 and 26; cf. Orell. Ind. Leg. s. h. v.—

Claudĭānus, a, um, adj., of or pertaining to a Claudius (esp. to the emperor of this name):

castra,

of App. Claudius Pulcher, Liv. 23, 31, 3: tonitrua, named after the same, Paul. ex Fest. p. 57, 10 Müll.:

tempora,

of the emperor Claudius, Tac. A. 14, 11; id. H. 5, 12:

cometa,

visible in his time, Sen. Q. N. 7, 21 and 29.—

Clōdĭ-ānus, a, um, adj., pertaining to Clodius, the enemy of Cicero:

crimen,

his murder, Cic. Mil. 27, 72:

incendia,

caused by him, id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 2:

operae,

id. ib. 2, 3, 2.

Claudĭus ( Clōdĭus, like claudo and clodo, codex and caudex, plostrum and plaustrum, [p. 351] etc.), Claudĭa, Clōdĭa, the name of two very celebrated Roman gentes (one patrician, the other plebeian; cf. Suet. Tib. 1 and 2; Verg. A. 7, 708; Liv. 2, 16, 4).

Claudius; so,

App. Claudius Caecus (v. Appius).—

The historian Q. Claudius Quadrigarius, a contemporary of Sulla and Sisenna, Vell. 2, 9, 6; Gell. 1, 7, 9.—Called simply Claudius, Liv. 8, 19, 13; 9, 5, 2.—

The emperor Claudius;

in full, Tiberius Claudius Drusus Nero Germanicus,

Suet. Claud. 1 sqq.; Tac. A. 11, 1 sqq.—

In fem.: Claudĭa, a female of the gens Claudia.—

Clodius. Thus the restless tribune of the people, and enemy of Cicero, P. Clodius Pulcher, who was killed by Milo; v. Cic. Mil.—

Hence,

Claudĭus ( Clōd-), a, um, Claudian, Clodian: Via Claudia (Clodia), a branch of the Via Cassia, Ov. P. 1, 8, 44; Front. Aquaed. 11.—Aqua Claudia, an aqueduct begun by the emperor Caligula, and finished by the emperor Claudius, Front. Aquaed. 13 sq.; Suet. Claud. 20 Bremi.—Tribus Claudia, beyond the Anio, named after the progenitor of the gens Claudia, Liv. 2, 16, 5; Verg. A. 7, 708; cf.

Serv. in h. l.—Leges Clodiae,

proceeding from the tribune of the people, Clodius, Cic. Sest. 25 and 26; cf. Orell. Ind. Leg. s. h. v.—

Claudĭānus, a, um, adj., of or pertaining to a Claudius (esp. to the emperor of this name):

castra,

of App. Claudius Pulcher, Liv. 23, 31, 3: tonitrua, named after the same, Paul. ex Fest. p. 57, 10 Müll.:

tempora,

of the emperor Claudius, Tac. A. 14, 11; id. H. 5, 12:

cometa,

visible in his time, Sen. Q. N. 7, 21 and 29.—

Clōdĭ-ānus, a, um, adj., pertaining to Clodius, the enemy of Cicero:

crimen,

his murder, Cic. Mil. 27, 72:

incendia,

caused by him, id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 2:

operae,

id. ib. 2, 3, 2.

ĭnĭmīcus, a, um ( gen. plur.: ĭnĭmī-cūm, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 14), adj. [2. in-amicus], unfriendly, hostile, inimical.

Adj.

Of persons:

quod eos infenso animo atque inimico venisse dicatis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 149; id. Phil. 10, 10, 21; cf.:

quam inimico vultu intuitur,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 25:

inter omnia inimica infestaque,

Liv. 22, 39, 13:

Clodius inimicus est nobis,

Cic. Att. 2, 21, 6; 11, 10, 2; id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 28; cf. in sup.:

Hannibal nomini Romano,

Nep. Hann. 7, 3; Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4:

animorum motus inimicissimi mentis,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 15, 34.—

Of inanim. things, hurtful, injurious:

raphani dentibus inimici,

Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 86:

(naves) accipiunt inimicum imbrem,

Verg. A. 1, 123:

odor nervis,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 53:

maritare ulmos nisi validas inimicum (est),

Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 203.— Comp.:

nec quidquam inimicius quam illa (oratio) versibus,

Cic. Or. 57, 194; id. Fam. 3, 8, 9. — Sup.:

brassica stomacho inimicissima,

Plin. 20, 9, 38, § 96.—

Like hostilis, hostile:

nomina,

Verg. A. 11, 84:

tela,

id. ib. 11, 809:

insigne,

spoils of a vanquished foe, id. ib. 12, 944:

terra,

id. ib. 10, 295:

natura inimica inter se esse liberam civitatem et regem,

Liv. 44, 24, 2:

in hostili terra, inter omnia inimica infestaque,

id. 22, 39, 13.—

ĭnĭmīcus, i, m., an enemy, foe, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 24, § 58:

quis plenior inimicorum fuit C. Mario,

id. Prov. Cons. 8, 19; Nep. Them. 9, 4; id. Alc. 4, 1; 2, 6 al.:

aliquem insectari tamquam inimicum et hostem,

Liv. 39, 28, 13:

paternus,

hereditary, Paul. Sent. 2, 27, 1.—

ĭnĭ-mīca, ae, f.:

cujusquam inimica,

Cic. Cael. 13, 32.— Sup.:

ubi vidit fortissimum virum inimicissimum suum, certissimum consulem,

greatest enemy, Cic. Mil. 9, 25; Nep. Eum. 6, 3; id. Dat. 5, 4; id. Hann. 12, 2; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 410, and v. iniquus, II. B. fin. — Adv., in two forms.

ĭnĭmīcē, in an unfriendly manner, hostilely, inimically:

vide quam tecum agam non inimice,

Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 34:

insectari aliquem,

id. N. D. 1, 3, 5.— Comp.:

infestius aut inimicius consulere,

Liv. 28, 29, 8.— Sup.:

inimicissime contendere,

Cic. Quint. 21, 66.—

ĭnĭmīcĭter, adv., hostilely, inimically: accensus, Acc. ap. Non. 514, 22: commoti inimiciter, Claud. Quadrig. ap. Gell. 3, 8, 8; Enn. ap. Prisc. 1010 P.

ĭnĭmīcus, a, um ( gen. plur.: ĭnĭmī-cūm, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 14), adj. [2. in-amicus], unfriendly, hostile, inimical.

Adj.

Of persons:

quod eos infenso animo atque inimico venisse dicatis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 149; id. Phil. 10, 10, 21; cf.:

quam inimico vultu intuitur,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 25:

inter omnia inimica infestaque,

Liv. 22, 39, 13:

Clodius inimicus est nobis,

Cic. Att. 2, 21, 6; 11, 10, 2; id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 28; cf. in sup.:

Hannibal nomini Romano,

Nep. Hann. 7, 3; Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4:

animorum motus inimicissimi mentis,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 15, 34.—

Of inanim. things, hurtful, injurious:

raphani dentibus inimici,

Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 86:

(naves) accipiunt inimicum imbrem,

Verg. A. 1, 123:

odor nervis,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 53:

maritare ulmos nisi validas inimicum (est),

Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 203.— Comp.:

nec quidquam inimicius quam illa (oratio) versibus,

Cic. Or. 57, 194; id. Fam. 3, 8, 9. — Sup.:

brassica stomacho inimicissima,

Plin. 20, 9, 38, § 96.—

Like hostilis, hostile:

nomina,

Verg. A. 11, 84:

tela,

id. ib. 11, 809:

insigne,

spoils of a vanquished foe, id. ib. 12, 944:

terra,

id. ib. 10, 295:

natura inimica inter se esse liberam civitatem et regem,

Liv. 44, 24, 2:

in hostili terra, inter omnia inimica infestaque,

id. 22, 39, 13.—

ĭnĭmīcus, i, m., an enemy, foe, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 24, § 58:

quis plenior inimicorum fuit C. Mario,

id. Prov. Cons. 8, 19; Nep. Them. 9, 4; id. Alc. 4, 1; 2, 6 al.:

aliquem insectari tamquam inimicum et hostem,

Liv. 39, 28, 13:

paternus,

hereditary, Paul. Sent. 2, 27, 1.—

ĭnĭ-mīca, ae, f.:

cujusquam inimica,

Cic. Cael. 13, 32.— Sup.:

ubi vidit fortissimum virum inimicissimum suum, certissimum consulem,

greatest enemy, Cic. Mil. 9, 25; Nep. Eum. 6, 3; id. Dat. 5, 4; id. Hann. 12, 2; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 410, and v. iniquus, II. B. fin. — Adv., in two forms.

ĭnĭmīcē, in an unfriendly manner, hostilely, inimically:

vide quam tecum agam non inimice,

Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 34:

insectari aliquem,

id. N. D. 1, 3, 5.— Comp.:

infestius aut inimicius consulere,

Liv. 28, 29, 8.— Sup.:

inimicissime contendere,

Cic. Quint. 21, 66.—

ĭnĭmīcĭter, adv., hostilely, inimically: accensus, Acc. ap. Non. 514, 22: commoti inimiciter, Claud. Quadrig. ap. Gell. 3, 8, 8; Enn. ap. Prisc. 1010 P.

ĭnĭmīcus, a, um ( gen. plur.: ĭnĭmī-cūm, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 14), adj. [2. in-amicus], unfriendly, hostile, inimical.

Adj.

Of persons:

quod eos infenso animo atque inimico venisse dicatis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 149; id. Phil. 10, 10, 21; cf.:

quam inimico vultu intuitur,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 25:

inter omnia inimica infestaque,

Liv. 22, 39, 13:

Clodius inimicus est nobis,

Cic. Att. 2, 21, 6; 11, 10, 2; id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 28; cf. in sup.:

Hannibal nomini Romano,

Nep. Hann. 7, 3; Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4:

animorum motus inimicissimi mentis,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 15, 34.—

Of inanim. things, hurtful, injurious:

raphani dentibus inimici,

Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 86:

(naves) accipiunt inimicum imbrem,

Verg. A. 1, 123:

odor nervis,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 53:

maritare ulmos nisi validas inimicum (est),

Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 203.— Comp.:

nec quidquam inimicius quam illa (oratio) versibus,

Cic. Or. 57, 194; id. Fam. 3, 8, 9. — Sup.:

brassica stomacho inimicissima,

Plin. 20, 9, 38, § 96.—

Like hostilis, hostile:

nomina,

Verg. A. 11, 84:

tela,

id. ib. 11, 809:

insigne,

spoils of a vanquished foe, id. ib. 12, 944:

terra,

id. ib. 10, 295:

natura inimica inter se esse liberam civitatem et regem,

Liv. 44, 24, 2:

in hostili terra, inter omnia inimica infestaque,

id. 22, 39, 13.—

ĭnĭmīcus, i, m., an enemy, foe, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 24, § 58:

quis plenior inimicorum fuit C. Mario,

id. Prov. Cons. 8, 19; Nep. Them. 9, 4; id. Alc. 4, 1; 2, 6 al.:

aliquem insectari tamquam inimicum et hostem,

Liv. 39, 28, 13:

paternus,

hereditary, Paul. Sent. 2, 27, 1.—

ĭnĭ-mīca, ae, f.:

cujusquam inimica,

Cic. Cael. 13, 32.— Sup.:

ubi vidit fortissimum virum inimicissimum suum, certissimum consulem,

greatest enemy, Cic. Mil. 9, 25; Nep. Eum. 6, 3; id. Dat. 5, 4; id. Hann. 12, 2; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 410, and v. iniquus, II. B. fin. — Adv., in two forms.

ĭnĭmīcē, in an unfriendly manner, hostilely, inimically:

vide quam tecum agam non inimice,

Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 34:

insectari aliquem,

id. N. D. 1, 3, 5.— Comp.:

infestius aut inimicius consulere,

Liv. 28, 29, 8.— Sup.:

inimicissime contendere,

Cic. Quint. 21, 66.—

ĭnĭmīcĭter, adv., hostilely, inimically: accensus, Acc. ap. Non. 514, 22: commoti inimiciter, Claud. Quadrig. ap. Gell. 3, 8, 8; Enn. ap. Prisc. 1010 P.

ab-solvo, vi, ūtum, 3, v. a., to loosen from, to make loose, set free, detach, untie (usu. trop., the fig. being derived from fetters, qs. a vinculis solvere, like vinculis exsolvere, Plaut. Truc. 3, 4, 10).

Lit. (so very rare):

canem ante tempus,

Amm. 29, 3:

asinum,

App. M. 6, p. 184; cf.:

cum nodo cervicis absolutum,

id. ib. 9, p. 231:

valvas stabuli,

i. e. to open, id. ib. 1, p. 108 fin.:

absoluta lingua (ranarum) a gutture,

loosed, Plin. 11, 37, 65, § 172.

Trop.

To release from a long story, to let one off quickly: Paucis absolvit, ne moraret diutius, Pac. ap. Diom. p. 395 P. (Trag. Rel. p. 98 Rib.); so,

te absolvam brevi,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 30.

To dismiss by paying, to pay off:

absolve hunc vomitum... quattuor quadraginta illi debentur minae,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 120; so Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 13 and 18.—Hence, in gen., to dismiss, to release:

jam hosce absolutos censeas,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 43;

and ironic.,

id. Capt. 3, 5, 73.

To free from (Ciceronian): ut nec Roscium stipulatione alliget, neque a Fannio judicio se absolvat, extricate or free himself from a lawsuit, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12:

longo bello,

Tac. A. 4, 23: caede hostis se absolvere, to absolve or clear one's self by murdering an enemy, id. G. 31.—With gen.:

tutelae,

Dig. 4, 8, 3; hence,

In judicial lang., t. t., to absolve from a charge, to acquit, declare innocent; constr. absol., with abl., gen., or de (Zumpt, § 446;

Rudd. 2, 164 sq.): bis absolutus,

Cic. Pis. 39:

regni suspicione,

Liv. 2, 8: judex absolvit injuriarum eum, Auct. ad Her. 2, 13; so Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 29 al.:

de praevaricatione absolutus,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 16.—In Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 22: hic (Dionem) Veneri absolvit, sibi condemnat, are dativi commodi: from the obligation to Venus he absolves him, but condemns him to discharge that to himself (Verres).—With an abstract noun: fidem absolvit, he acquitted them of their fidelity (to Otho), pardoned it, Tac. H. 2, 60.

In technical lang., to bring a work to a close, to complete, finish (without denoting intrinsic excellence, like perficere; the fig. is prob. derived from detaching a finished web from the loom; cf.:

rem dissolutam divulsamque,

Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 188).—So of the sacrificial cake:

liba absoluta (as taken from the pan),

ready, Varr. R. R. 2, 8;

but esp. freq. in Cic.: ut pictor nemo esset inventus, qui Coae Veneris eam partem, quam Apelles inchoatam reliquisset, absolveret,

Cic. Off. 3, 2 (cf. Suet. Claud. 3); id. Leg. 1, 3, 9; id. Att. 12, 45; cf. id. Fin. 2, 32, 105; id. Fam. 1, 9, 4; id. Att. 13, 19 al.—So in Sallust repeatedly, both with acc. and de, of an historical statement, to bring to a conclusion, to relate:

cetera quam paucissumis absolvam, J. 17, 2: multa paucis,

Cic. Fragm. Hist. 1, n. 2:

de Catilinae conjuratione paucis absolvam,

id. Cat. 4, 3; cf.:

nunc locorum situm, quantum ratio sinit, absolvam,

Amm. 23, 6.— Hence, absŏlūtus, a, um, P. a., brought to a conclusion, finished, ended, complete (cf. absolvo, E.).

In gen.:

nec appellatur vita beata nisi confecta atque absoluta,

when not completed and concluded, Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 87; cf.:

perfecte absolutus,

id. ib. 4, 7, 18; and:

absolutus et perfectus per se,

id. Part. Or. 26, 94 al. — Comp., Quint. 1, 1, 37.— Sup., Auct. ad Her. 2, 18, 28; Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 74; Tac. Or. 5 al.—

Esp.

In rhet. lang., unrestricted, unconditional, absolute:

hoc mihi videor videre, esse quasdam cum adjunctione necessitudines, quasdam simplices et absolutas,

Cic. Inv. 2, 57, 170.—

In gram.

Nomen absolutum, which gives a complete sense without any thing annexed, e. g.:

deus,

Prisc. p. 581 P.—

Verbum absolutum, in Prisc. p. 795 P., that has no case with it; in Diom. p. 333 P., opp. inchoativum.—

Adjectivum absolutum, which stands in the positive, Quint. 9, 3, 19.— Adv.: absŏlūtē, fully, perfectly, completely (syn. perfecte), distinctly, unrestrictedly, absolutely, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 38; 5, 18, 53; id. Fin. 3, 7, 26; id. Top. 8, 34 al.— Comp., Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 15.

ăqua, ae (ACVA, Inscr. Grut. 593, 5; gen. aquāï, Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 71; Lucr. 1, 284; 1. 285; 1, 307; 1, 454 et saep.; Verg. A. 7, 464; poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 9, 15; Cic. Arat. 179; Prud. Apoth. 702; the dat. aquaï also was used acc. to Charis. p. 538; v. Neue, Formenl. I. pp. 9, 11, 12; pp. 14 sq.;

aquae, as trisyl.,

Lucr. 6, 552 Lachm.), f. [cf. Sanscr. ap = water; Wallach. apa, and Goth. ahva = river; old Germ. Aha; Celt. achi; and the Gr. proper names Mess-api-oi and gê Api-a, and the Lat. Apuli, Apiola; prob. ultimately con. with Sanscr. ācus = swift, ācer, and ôkus, from the notion of quickly, easily moving. Curtius.].

A.. Water, in its most gen. signif. (as an element, rainwater, river-water, sea-water, etc.; in class. Lat. often plur. to denote several streams, springs, in one place or region, and com. plur. in Vulg. O. T. after the Hebrew):

aër, aqua, terra, vapores, Quo pacto fiant,

Lucr. 1, 567: SI. AQVA. PLVVIA. NOCET, Fragm. of the XII. Tab. ap. Dig. 40, 7, 21; cf. Dirks. Transl. p. 486; so also of titles in the Digg. 39, 3; cf. ib. 43, 20:

pluvialis,

rain-water, Ov. M. 8, 335, and Sen. Q. N. 3, 1; so,

aquae pluviae,

Cic. Mur. 9, 22; Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 233; Quint. 10, 1, 109 (and pluviae absol., Cic. Att. 15, 16, B; Lucr. 6, 519; Verg. G. 1, 92; Ov. F. 2, 71; Plin. 2, 106, 110, § 227); so,

caelestes aquae,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 135; Liv. 4, 30, 7; 5, 12, 2; Plin. 17, 2, 2, § 14; so,

aquae de nubibus,

Vulg. 2 Reg. 22, 12: aquae nivis, snow-water, ib. Job, 9, 30:

fluvialis,

river-water, Col. 6, 22; so,

aqua fluminis,

Vulg. Jer. 2, 18:

aquaï fons,

Lucr. 5, 602:

fons aquae,

Vulg. Gen. 24, 13:

fontes aquarum, ib. Joel, 1, 20: flumen aquae,

Verg. A. 11, 495:

fluvius aquae,

Vulg. Apoc. 22, 1:

rivus aquae,

Verg. E. 8, 87:

rivi aquarum,

Vulg. Isa. 32, 2:

torrens aquae,

ib. Macc. 5, 40; and plur., ib. Jer. 31, 9: dulcis, fresh-water, Fr. eau douce, Lucr. 6, 890:

fons aquae dulcis,

Cic. Verr. 4, 118; and plur.:

aquae dulces,

Verg. G. 4, 61; id. A. 1, 167: marina, sea-water (v. also salsus, amarus), Cic. Att. 1, 16; so,

aquae maris,

Vulg. Gen. 1, 22; ib. Exod. 15, 19:

dulcis et amara aqua,

ib. Jac. 3, 11:

perennis,

never-failing, Liv. 1, 21; and plur.:

quo in summo (loco) est aequata agri planities et aquae perennes,

Cic. Verr. 4, 107:

aqua profluens,

running-water, id. Off. 1, 16, 52; so,

currentes aquae,

Vulg. Isa. 30, 25; so,

aqua viva,

living-water, Varr. L. L. 5, 26, 35; Vulg. Gen. 26, 19; and plur.:

aquae vivae,

ib. Num. 19, 17;

and in a spiritual sense: aqua viva,

ib. Joan. 4, 10; so,

vitae,

ib. Apoc. 22, 17:

aquae viventes,

ib. Lev. 14, 5:

stagna aquae,

standing-water, Prop. 4, 17, 2; and plur., Vulg. Psa. 106, 35; so, stativae aquae, Varr. ap. Non. p. 217, 2:

aquae de puteis,

well-water, Vulg. Num. 20, 17:

aqua de cisternā,

cisternwater, ib. 2 Reg. 23, 16; so,

aqua cisternae,

ib. Isa. 36, 16:

aquae pessimae,

ib. 4 Reg. 2, 19:

aqua recens,

Verg. A. 6, 636:

turbida,

Vulg. Jer. 2, 18:

crassa,

ib. 2 Macc. 1, 20:

munda,

ib. Heb. 10, 22:

purissima,

ib. Ezech. 34, 18:

aquae calidae,

warm-water, ib. Gen. 36, 24; and absol.:

calida,

Cato, R. R. 156, 3; Plin. 25, 7, 38, § 77; Tac. G. 22;

and contr.: calda,

Col. 6, 13; Plin. 23, 4, 41, § 83: aqua fervens, boiling-water:

aliquem aquā ferventi perfundere,

Cic. Verr. 1, 67:

aqua frigida,

cold-water, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 37; Vulg. Prov. 25, 23; ib. Matt. 10, 42; and absol.:

frigida,

Cels. 1, 5; Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 11; Quint. 5, 11, 31: aqua decocta, water boiled and then cooled with ice or snow, Mart. 14, 116; and absol.:

decocta,

Juv. 5, 50; Suet. Ner. 48 al.—

Particular phrases.

Praebere aquam, to invite to a feast, to entertain (with ref. to the use of water at table for washing and drinking), Hor. S. 1, 4, 88 (cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 69).—

Aquam aspergere alicui, to give new life or courage, to animate, refresh, revive (the fig. taken from sprinkling one who is in a swoon):

ah, adspersisti aquam! Jam rediit animus,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 15.—

Aqua et ignis, to express the most common necessaries of life:

non aquā, non igni, ut aiunt, locis pluribus utimur quam amicitiā,

Cic. Lael. 6, 22.—Hence aquā et igni interdicere alicui, to deny intercourse or familiarity with one, to exclude from civil society, to banish, Cic. Phil. 1, 9; so the bride, on the day of marriage, received from the bridegroom aqua et ignis, as a symbol of their union: aquā et igni tam interdici solet damnatis quam accipiunt nuptae, videlicet quia hae duae res humanam vitam maxime continent, Paul. ex Fest. p. 3 Müll. (this custom is differently explained in [p. 148] Varr. L. L. 5, 9, 18): aquam et terram petere, of an enemy (like gên kai hudôr aitein), to demand submission, Liv. 35, 17:

aquam ipsos (hostes) terramque poscentium, ut neque fontium haustum nec solitos cibos relinquerent deditis,

Curt. 3, 10, 8.— Provv.

Ex uno puteo similior numquam potis Aqua aquaï

sumi quam haec est atque ista hospita,

you can't find two peas more like, Plaut. Mil. 1, 6, 70 sq. —

In aquā scribere = kath hudatos graphein, to write in water, of something transient, useless:

cupido quod dicit amanti, In vento et rapidā scribere oportet aquā,

Cat. 70, 4 (cf. Keats' epitaph on himself: here lies one whose name was writ in water; and the Germ., etwas hinter die Feueresse schreiben).—

Water, in a more restricted sense.

The sea:

coge, ut ad aquam tibi frumentum Ennenses metiantur,

on the sea-coast, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83:

laborum quos ego sum terrā, quos ego passus aquā,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 30:

findite remigio aquas!

id. F. 3, 586.— Trop.: Venimus in portum... Naviget hinc aliā jam mihi linter aquā, in other waters let my bark now sail (cf. Milton in the Lycidas:

To-morrow to fresh woods and pastures new),

Ov. F. 2, 864.—

= la. cus, a lake:

Albanae aquae deductio,

Cic. Div. 1, 44 fin. —

A stream, a river. in Tuscae gurgite mersus aquae, i. e. Albula, Ov. F. 4, 48:

alii in aquam caeci ruebant,

Liv. 1, 27:

sonitus multarum aquarum,

of many streams, Vulg. Isa. 17, 12; ib. Apoc. 1, 15; 19, 6:

lignum, quod plantatum est secus decursus aquarum,

along the watercourses, ib. Psa. 1, 3.—

Rain:

cornix augur aquae,

Hor. C. 3, 17, 12:

deūm genitor effusis aethera siccat aquis,

Ov. F. 3, 286:

multā terra madescit aquā,

id. ib. 6, 198:

aquae magnae bis eo anno fuerunt,

heavy rains, a flood, inundation, Liv. 24, 9; 38, 28.—

In the plur., medicinal springs, waters, baths.

In gen.:

ad aquas venire,

Cic. Planc. 27, 65; id. Fam. 16, 24, 2:

aquae caldae,

Varr. L. L. 9, 69, p. 219 Müll.:

aquae calidae,

Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 227:

aquae medicatae,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 25:

aquae Salutiferae,

Mart. 5, 1.—Hence,

As prop. noun, Waters. Some of the most important were.

Ăquae Ăpollĭnāres, in Etruria, prob. the Phoebi vada of Mart. 6, 42, 7, now Bagni di Stigliano, Tab. Peut.—

Ăquae Aurēlĭae, in the Black Forest in Germany, now Baden-Baden, Inscr.—

Ăquae Baiae, in Campania, Prop. 1, 11, 30; earlier called Ăquae Cūmānae, Liv. 41, 16.—

Ăquae Călĭdae,

In Britain, now Bath; also called Ăquae Sōlis, Itin Anton.—

In Zeugitana on the Gulf of Carthage, now Hammam Gurbos, Liv. 30, 24, 9; Tab. Peut.—

In Gallia, now Vichy on the Allier, Tab. Theod.—

Ăquae Cĭcĕrōnĭānae, at Cicero's villa at Puteoli, Plin. 31, 2, 3, § 6.—

Ăquae Mattĭăcae, among the Mattiaci in Germany, now Wiesbaden, Amm. 29, 4, also called Fontes Mattĭăci in Plin. 31, 2, 17, § 20.—

Ăquae Sextĭae, near Massilia, once a famous watering-place, now Aix, Liv Epit 61; Vell. 1, 15; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36.—

Ăquae Tauri or Tauri Thermae, in Etruria, now Bagni di Ferrata, Plin. 3, 5, 8, § 52. V. Smith, Dict. Geog., s. v. Aquae.—

The water in the water-clock. From the use of this clock in regulating the length of speeches, etc. (cf. clepsydra), arose the tropical phrases,

Aquam dare, to give the advocate time for speaking, Plin. Ep. 6, 2, 7.—

Aquam perdere, to spend time unprofitably, to waste it, Quint. 11, 3, 52.—

Aqua haeret, the water stops, i.e. I am at a loss, Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117:

in hac causā mihi aqua haeret,

id. ad Q. Fr. 2, 7.—

Aqua intercus, the water under the skin of a dropsical person;

hence, as med. t.,

the dropsy, Plaut. Men. 5, 4, 3:

medicamentum ad aquam intercutem dare,

Cic. Off. 3, 24, 92:

decessit morbo aquae intercutis,

Suet. Ner 5; cf. Cels. 2, 8.— Trop.: aquam in animo habere intercutem, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 37, 3.—

Aqua, the name of a constellation, Gr. Hudôr:

hae tenues stellae perhibentur nomine Aquāī,

Cic. Arat. 179 (as translation of tous pantas kaleousin Hudôr); v. Orell. ad h. l.

ăqua, ae (ACVA, Inscr. Grut. 593, 5; gen. aquāï, Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 71; Lucr. 1, 284; 1. 285; 1, 307; 1, 454 et saep.; Verg. A. 7, 464; poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 9, 15; Cic. Arat. 179; Prud. Apoth. 702; the dat. aquaï also was used acc. to Charis. p. 538; v. Neue, Formenl. I. pp. 9, 11, 12; pp. 14 sq.;

aquae, as trisyl.,

Lucr. 6, 552 Lachm.), f. [cf. Sanscr. ap = water; Wallach. apa, and Goth. ahva = river; old Germ. Aha; Celt. achi; and the Gr. proper names Mess-api-oi and gê Api-a, and the Lat. Apuli, Apiola; prob. ultimately con. with Sanscr. ācus = swift, ācer, and ôkus, from the notion of quickly, easily moving. Curtius.].

A.. Water, in its most gen. signif. (as an element, rainwater, river-water, sea-water, etc.; in class. Lat. often plur. to denote several streams, springs, in one place or region, and com. plur. in Vulg. O. T. after the Hebrew):

aër, aqua, terra, vapores, Quo pacto fiant,

Lucr. 1, 567: SI. AQVA. PLVVIA. NOCET, Fragm. of the XII. Tab. ap. Dig. 40, 7, 21; cf. Dirks. Transl. p. 486; so also of titles in the Digg. 39, 3; cf. ib. 43, 20:

pluvialis,

rain-water, Ov. M. 8, 335, and Sen. Q. N. 3, 1; so,

aquae pluviae,

Cic. Mur. 9, 22; Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 233; Quint. 10, 1, 109 (and pluviae absol., Cic. Att. 15, 16, B; Lucr. 6, 519; Verg. G. 1, 92; Ov. F. 2, 71; Plin. 2, 106, 110, § 227); so,

caelestes aquae,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 135; Liv. 4, 30, 7; 5, 12, 2; Plin. 17, 2, 2, § 14; so,

aquae de nubibus,

Vulg. 2 Reg. 22, 12: aquae nivis, snow-water, ib. Job, 9, 30:

fluvialis,

river-water, Col. 6, 22; so,

aqua fluminis,

Vulg. Jer. 2, 18:

aquaï fons,

Lucr. 5, 602:

fons aquae,

Vulg. Gen. 24, 13:

fontes aquarum, ib. Joel, 1, 20: flumen aquae,

Verg. A. 11, 495:

fluvius aquae,

Vulg. Apoc. 22, 1:

rivus aquae,

Verg. E. 8, 87:

rivi aquarum,

Vulg. Isa. 32, 2:

torrens aquae,

ib. Macc. 5, 40; and plur., ib. Jer. 31, 9: dulcis, fresh-water, Fr. eau douce, Lucr. 6, 890:

fons aquae dulcis,

Cic. Verr. 4, 118; and plur.:

aquae dulces,

Verg. G. 4, 61; id. A. 1, 167: marina, sea-water (v. also salsus, amarus), Cic. Att. 1, 16; so,

aquae maris,

Vulg. Gen. 1, 22; ib. Exod. 15, 19:

dulcis et amara aqua,

ib. Jac. 3, 11:

perennis,

never-failing, Liv. 1, 21; and plur.:

quo in summo (loco) est aequata agri planities et aquae perennes,

Cic. Verr. 4, 107:

aqua profluens,

running-water, id. Off. 1, 16, 52; so,

currentes aquae,

Vulg. Isa. 30, 25; so,

aqua viva,

living-water, Varr. L. L. 5, 26, 35; Vulg. Gen. 26, 19; and plur.:

aquae vivae,

ib. Num. 19, 17;

and in a spiritual sense: aqua viva,

ib. Joan. 4, 10; so,

vitae,

ib. Apoc. 22, 17:

aquae viventes,

ib. Lev. 14, 5:

stagna aquae,

standing-water, Prop. 4, 17, 2; and plur., Vulg. Psa. 106, 35; so, stativae aquae, Varr. ap. Non. p. 217, 2:

aquae de puteis,

well-water, Vulg. Num. 20, 17:

aqua de cisternā,

cisternwater, ib. 2 Reg. 23, 16; so,

aqua cisternae,

ib. Isa. 36, 16:

aquae pessimae,

ib. 4 Reg. 2, 19:

aqua recens,

Verg. A. 6, 636:

turbida,

Vulg. Jer. 2, 18:

crassa,

ib. 2 Macc. 1, 20:

munda,

ib. Heb. 10, 22:

purissima,

ib. Ezech. 34, 18:

aquae calidae,

warm-water, ib. Gen. 36, 24; and absol.:

calida,

Cato, R. R. 156, 3; Plin. 25, 7, 38, § 77; Tac. G. 22;

and contr.: calda,

Col. 6, 13; Plin. 23, 4, 41, § 83: aqua fervens, boiling-water:

aliquem aquā ferventi perfundere,

Cic. Verr. 1, 67:

aqua frigida,

cold-water, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 37; Vulg. Prov. 25, 23; ib. Matt. 10, 42; and absol.:

frigida,

Cels. 1, 5; Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 11; Quint. 5, 11, 31: aqua decocta, water boiled and then cooled with ice or snow, Mart. 14, 116; and absol.:

decocta,

Juv. 5, 50; Suet. Ner. 48 al.—

Particular phrases.

Praebere aquam, to invite to a feast, to entertain (with ref. to the use of water at table for washing and drinking), Hor. S. 1, 4, 88 (cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 69).—

Aquam aspergere alicui, to give new life or courage, to animate, refresh, revive (the fig. taken from sprinkling one who is in a swoon):

ah, adspersisti aquam! Jam rediit animus,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 15.—

Aqua et ignis, to express the most common necessaries of life:

non aquā, non igni, ut aiunt, locis pluribus utimur quam amicitiā,

Cic. Lael. 6, 22.—Hence aquā et igni interdicere alicui, to deny intercourse or familiarity with one, to exclude from civil society, to banish, Cic. Phil. 1, 9; so the bride, on the day of marriage, received from the bridegroom aqua et ignis, as a symbol of their union: aquā et igni tam interdici solet damnatis quam accipiunt nuptae, videlicet quia hae duae res humanam vitam maxime continent, Paul. ex Fest. p. 3 Müll. (this custom is differently explained in [p. 148] Varr. L. L. 5, 9, 18): aquam et terram petere, of an enemy (like gên kai hudôr aitein), to demand submission, Liv. 35, 17:

aquam ipsos (hostes) terramque poscentium, ut neque fontium haustum nec solitos cibos relinquerent deditis,

Curt. 3, 10, 8.— Provv.

Ex uno puteo similior numquam potis Aqua aquaï

sumi quam haec est atque ista hospita,

you can't find two peas more like, Plaut. Mil. 1, 6, 70 sq. —

In aquā scribere = kath hudatos graphein, to write in water, of something transient, useless:

cupido quod dicit amanti, In vento et rapidā scribere oportet aquā,

Cat. 70, 4 (cf. Keats' epitaph on himself: here lies one whose name was writ in water; and the Germ., etwas hinter die Feueresse schreiben).—

Water, in a more restricted sense.

The sea:

coge, ut ad aquam tibi frumentum Ennenses metiantur,

on the sea-coast, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83:

laborum quos ego sum terrā, quos ego passus aquā,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 30:

findite remigio aquas!

id. F. 3, 586.— Trop.: Venimus in portum... Naviget hinc aliā jam mihi linter aquā, in other waters let my bark now sail (cf. Milton in the Lycidas:

To-morrow to fresh woods and pastures new),

Ov. F. 2, 864.—

= la. cus, a lake:

Albanae aquae deductio,

Cic. Div. 1, 44 fin. —

A stream, a river. in Tuscae gurgite mersus aquae, i. e. Albula, Ov. F. 4, 48:

alii in aquam caeci ruebant,

Liv. 1, 27:

sonitus multarum aquarum,

of many streams, Vulg. Isa. 17, 12; ib. Apoc. 1, 15; 19, 6:

lignum, quod plantatum est secus decursus aquarum,

along the watercourses, ib. Psa. 1, 3.—

Rain:

cornix augur aquae,

Hor. C. 3, 17, 12:

deūm genitor effusis aethera siccat aquis,

Ov. F. 3, 286:

multā terra madescit aquā,

id. ib. 6, 198:

aquae magnae bis eo anno fuerunt,

heavy rains, a flood, inundation, Liv. 24, 9; 38, 28.—

In the plur., medicinal springs, waters, baths.

In gen.:

ad aquas venire,

Cic. Planc. 27, 65; id. Fam. 16, 24, 2:

aquae caldae,

Varr. L. L. 9, 69, p. 219 Müll.:

aquae calidae,

Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 227:

aquae medicatae,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 25:

aquae Salutiferae,

Mart. 5, 1.—Hence,

As prop. noun, Waters. Some of the most important were.

Ăquae Ăpollĭnāres, in Etruria, prob. the Phoebi vada of Mart. 6, 42, 7, now Bagni di Stigliano, Tab. Peut.—

Ăquae Aurēlĭae, in the Black Forest in Germany, now Baden-Baden, Inscr.—

Ăquae Baiae, in Campania, Prop. 1, 11, 30; earlier called Ăquae Cūmānae, Liv. 41, 16.—

Ăquae Călĭdae,

In Britain, now Bath; also called Ăquae Sōlis, Itin Anton.—

In Zeugitana on the Gulf of Carthage, now Hammam Gurbos, Liv. 30, 24, 9; Tab. Peut.—

In Gallia, now Vichy on the Allier, Tab. Theod.—

Ăquae Cĭcĕrōnĭānae, at Cicero's villa at Puteoli, Plin. 31, 2, 3, § 6.—

Ăquae Mattĭăcae, among the Mattiaci in Germany, now Wiesbaden, Amm. 29, 4, also called Fontes Mattĭăci in Plin. 31, 2, 17, § 20.—

Ăquae Sextĭae, near Massilia, once a famous watering-place, now Aix, Liv Epit 61; Vell. 1, 15; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36.—

Ăquae Tauri or Tauri Thermae, in Etruria, now Bagni di Ferrata, Plin. 3, 5, 8, § 52. V. Smith, Dict. Geog., s. v. Aquae.—

The water in the water-clock. From the use of this clock in regulating the length of speeches, etc. (cf. clepsydra), arose the tropical phrases,

Aquam dare, to give the advocate time for speaking, Plin. Ep. 6, 2, 7.—

Aquam perdere, to spend time unprofitably, to waste it, Quint. 11, 3, 52.—

Aqua haeret, the water stops, i.e. I am at a loss, Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117:

in hac causā mihi aqua haeret,

id. ad Q. Fr. 2, 7.—

Aqua intercus, the water under the skin of a dropsical person;

hence, as med. t.,

the dropsy, Plaut. Men. 5, 4, 3:

medicamentum ad aquam intercutem dare,

Cic. Off. 3, 24, 92:

decessit morbo aquae intercutis,

Suet. Ner 5; cf. Cels. 2, 8.— Trop.: aquam in animo habere intercutem, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 37, 3.—

Aqua, the name of a constellation, Gr. Hudôr:

hae tenues stellae perhibentur nomine Aquāī,

Cic. Arat. 179 (as translation of tous pantas kaleousin Hudôr); v. Orell. ad h. l.

ăqua, ae (ACVA, Inscr. Grut. 593, 5; gen. aquāï, Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 71; Lucr. 1, 284; 1. 285; 1, 307; 1, 454 et saep.; Verg. A. 7, 464; poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 9, 15; Cic. Arat. 179; Prud. Apoth. 702; the dat. aquaï also was used acc. to Charis. p. 538; v. Neue, Formenl. I. pp. 9, 11, 12; pp. 14 sq.;

aquae, as trisyl.,

Lucr. 6, 552 Lachm.), f. [cf. Sanscr. ap = water; Wallach. apa, and Goth. ahva = river; old Germ. Aha; Celt. achi; and the Gr. proper names Mess-api-oi and gê Api-a, and the Lat. Apuli, Apiola; prob. ultimately con. with Sanscr. ācus = swift, ācer, and ôkus, from the notion of quickly, easily moving. Curtius.].

A.. Water, in its most gen. signif. (as an element, rainwater, river-water, sea-water, etc.; in class. Lat. often plur. to denote several streams, springs, in one place or region, and com. plur. in Vulg. O. T. after the Hebrew):

aër, aqua, terra, vapores, Quo pacto fiant,

Lucr. 1, 567: SI. AQVA. PLVVIA. NOCET, Fragm. of the XII. Tab. ap. Dig. 40, 7, 21; cf. Dirks. Transl. p. 486; so also of titles in the Digg. 39, 3; cf. ib. 43, 20:

pluvialis,

rain-water, Ov. M. 8, 335, and Sen. Q. N. 3, 1; so,

aquae pluviae,

Cic. Mur. 9, 22; Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 233; Quint. 10, 1, 109 (and pluviae absol., Cic. Att. 15, 16, B; Lucr. 6, 519; Verg. G. 1, 92; Ov. F. 2, 71; Plin. 2, 106, 110, § 227); so,

caelestes aquae,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 135; Liv. 4, 30, 7; 5, 12, 2; Plin. 17, 2, 2, § 14; so,

aquae de nubibus,

Vulg. 2 Reg. 22, 12: aquae nivis, snow-water, ib. Job, 9, 30:

fluvialis,

river-water, Col. 6, 22; so,

aqua fluminis,

Vulg. Jer. 2, 18:

aquaï fons,

Lucr. 5, 602:

fons aquae,

Vulg. Gen. 24, 13:

fontes aquarum, ib. Joel, 1, 20: flumen aquae,

Verg. A. 11, 495:

fluvius aquae,

Vulg. Apoc. 22, 1:

rivus aquae,

Verg. E. 8, 87:

rivi aquarum,

Vulg. Isa. 32, 2:

torrens aquae,

ib. Macc. 5, 40; and plur., ib. Jer. 31, 9: dulcis, fresh-water, Fr. eau douce, Lucr. 6, 890:

fons aquae dulcis,

Cic. Verr. 4, 118; and plur.:

aquae dulces,

Verg. G. 4, 61; id. A. 1, 167: marina, sea-water (v. also salsus, amarus), Cic. Att. 1, 16; so,

aquae maris,

Vulg. Gen. 1, 22; ib. Exod. 15, 19:

dulcis et amara aqua,

ib. Jac. 3, 11:

perennis,

never-failing, Liv. 1, 21; and plur.:

quo in summo (loco) est aequata agri planities et aquae perennes,

Cic. Verr. 4, 107:

aqua profluens,

running-water, id. Off. 1, 16, 52; so,

currentes aquae,

Vulg. Isa. 30, 25; so,

aqua viva,

living-water, Varr. L. L. 5, 26, 35; Vulg. Gen. 26, 19; and plur.:

aquae vivae,

ib. Num. 19, 17;

and in a spiritual sense: aqua viva,

ib. Joan. 4, 10; so,

vitae,

ib. Apoc. 22, 17:

aquae viventes,

ib. Lev. 14, 5:

stagna aquae,

standing-water, Prop. 4, 17, 2; and plur., Vulg. Psa. 106, 35; so, stativae aquae, Varr. ap. Non. p. 217, 2:

aquae de puteis,

well-water, Vulg. Num. 20, 17:

aqua de cisternā,

cisternwater, ib. 2 Reg. 23, 16; so,

aqua cisternae,

ib. Isa. 36, 16:

aquae pessimae,

ib. 4 Reg. 2, 19:

aqua recens,

Verg. A. 6, 636:

turbida,

Vulg. Jer. 2, 18:

crassa,

ib. 2 Macc. 1, 20:

munda,

ib. Heb. 10, 22:

purissima,

ib. Ezech. 34, 18:

aquae calidae,

warm-water, ib. Gen. 36, 24; and absol.:

calida,

Cato, R. R. 156, 3; Plin. 25, 7, 38, § 77; Tac. G. 22;

and contr.: calda,

Col. 6, 13; Plin. 23, 4, 41, § 83: aqua fervens, boiling-water:

aliquem aquā ferventi perfundere,

Cic. Verr. 1, 67:

aqua frigida,

cold-water, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 37; Vulg. Prov. 25, 23; ib. Matt. 10, 42; and absol.:

frigida,

Cels. 1, 5; Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 11; Quint. 5, 11, 31: aqua decocta, water boiled and then cooled with ice or snow, Mart. 14, 116; and absol.:

decocta,

Juv. 5, 50; Suet. Ner. 48 al.—

Particular phrases.

Praebere aquam, to invite to a feast, to entertain (with ref. to the use of water at table for washing and drinking), Hor. S. 1, 4, 88 (cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 69).—

Aquam aspergere alicui, to give new life or courage, to animate, refresh, revive (the fig. taken from sprinkling one who is in a swoon):

ah, adspersisti aquam! Jam rediit animus,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 15.—

Aqua et ignis, to express the most common necessaries of life:

non aquā, non igni, ut aiunt, locis pluribus utimur quam amicitiā,

Cic. Lael. 6, 22.—Hence aquā et igni interdicere alicui, to deny intercourse or familiarity with one, to exclude from civil society, to banish, Cic. Phil. 1, 9; so the bride, on the day of marriage, received from the bridegroom aqua et ignis, as a symbol of their union: aquā et igni tam interdici solet damnatis quam accipiunt nuptae, videlicet quia hae duae res humanam vitam maxime continent, Paul. ex Fest. p. 3 Müll. (this custom is differently explained in [p. 148] Varr. L. L. 5, 9, 18): aquam et terram petere, of an enemy (like gên kai hudôr aitein), to demand submission, Liv. 35, 17:

aquam ipsos (hostes) terramque poscentium, ut neque fontium haustum nec solitos cibos relinquerent deditis,

Curt. 3, 10, 8.— Provv.

Ex uno puteo similior numquam potis Aqua aquaï

sumi quam haec est atque ista hospita,

you can't find two peas more like, Plaut. Mil. 1, 6, 70 sq. —

In aquā scribere = kath hudatos graphein, to write in water, of something transient, useless:

cupido quod dicit amanti, In vento et rapidā scribere oportet aquā,

Cat. 70, 4 (cf. Keats' epitaph on himself: here lies one whose name was writ in water; and the Germ., etwas hinter die Feueresse schreiben).—

Water, in a more restricted sense.

The sea:

coge, ut ad aquam tibi frumentum Ennenses metiantur,

on the sea-coast, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83:

laborum quos ego sum terrā, quos ego passus aquā,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 30:

findite remigio aquas!

id. F. 3, 586.— Trop.: Venimus in portum... Naviget hinc aliā jam mihi linter aquā, in other waters let my bark now sail (cf. Milton in the Lycidas:

To-morrow to fresh woods and pastures new),

Ov. F. 2, 864.—

= la. cus, a lake:

Albanae aquae deductio,

Cic. Div. 1, 44 fin. —

A stream, a river. in Tuscae gurgite mersus aquae, i. e. Albula, Ov. F. 4, 48:

alii in aquam caeci ruebant,

Liv. 1, 27:

sonitus multarum aquarum,

of many streams, Vulg. Isa. 17, 12; ib. Apoc. 1, 15; 19, 6:

lignum, quod plantatum est secus decursus aquarum,

along the watercourses, ib. Psa. 1, 3.—

Rain:

cornix augur aquae,

Hor. C. 3, 17, 12:

deūm genitor effusis aethera siccat aquis,

Ov. F. 3, 286:

multā terra madescit aquā,

id. ib. 6, 198:

aquae magnae bis eo anno fuerunt,

heavy rains, a flood, inundation, Liv. 24, 9; 38, 28.—

In the plur., medicinal springs, waters, baths.

In gen.:

ad aquas venire,

Cic. Planc. 27, 65; id. Fam. 16, 24, 2:

aquae caldae,

Varr. L. L. 9, 69, p. 219 Müll.:

aquae calidae,

Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 227:

aquae medicatae,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 25:

aquae Salutiferae,

Mart. 5, 1.—Hence,

As prop. noun, Waters. Some of the most important were.

Ăquae Ăpollĭnāres, in Etruria, prob. the Phoebi vada of Mart. 6, 42, 7, now Bagni di Stigliano, Tab. Peut.—

Ăquae Aurēlĭae, in the Black Forest in Germany, now Baden-Baden, Inscr.—

Ăquae Baiae, in Campania, Prop. 1, 11, 30; earlier called Ăquae Cūmānae, Liv. 41, 16.—

Ăquae Călĭdae,

In Britain, now Bath; also called Ăquae Sōlis, Itin Anton.—

In Zeugitana on the Gulf of Carthage, now Hammam Gurbos, Liv. 30, 24, 9; Tab. Peut.—

In Gallia, now Vichy on the Allier, Tab. Theod.—

Ăquae Cĭcĕrōnĭānae, at Cicero's villa at Puteoli, Plin. 31, 2, 3, § 6.—

Ăquae Mattĭăcae, among the Mattiaci in Germany, now Wiesbaden, Amm. 29, 4, also called Fontes Mattĭăci in Plin. 31, 2, 17, § 20.—

Ăquae Sextĭae, near Massilia, once a famous watering-place, now Aix, Liv Epit 61; Vell. 1, 15; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36.—

Ăquae Tauri or Tauri Thermae, in Etruria, now Bagni di Ferrata, Plin. 3, 5, 8, § 52. V. Smith, Dict. Geog., s. v. Aquae.—

The water in the water-clock. From the use of this clock in regulating the length of speeches, etc. (cf. clepsydra), arose the tropical phrases,

Aquam dare, to give the advocate time for speaking, Plin. Ep. 6, 2, 7.—

Aquam perdere, to spend time unprofitably, to waste it, Quint. 11, 3, 52.—

Aqua haeret, the water stops, i.e. I am at a loss, Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117:

in hac causā mihi aqua haeret,

id. ad Q. Fr. 2, 7.—

Aqua intercus, the water under the skin of a dropsical person;

hence, as med. t.,

the dropsy, Plaut. Men. 5, 4, 3:

medicamentum ad aquam intercutem dare,

Cic. Off. 3, 24, 92:

decessit morbo aquae intercutis,

Suet. Ner 5; cf. Cels. 2, 8.— Trop.: aquam in animo habere intercutem, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 37, 3.—

Aqua, the name of a constellation, Gr. Hudôr:

hae tenues stellae perhibentur nomine Aquāī,

Cic. Arat. 179 (as translation of tous pantas kaleousin Hudôr); v. Orell. ad h. l.

ăqua, ae (ACVA, Inscr. Grut. 593, 5; gen. aquāï, Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 71; Lucr. 1, 284; 1. 285; 1, 307; 1, 454 et saep.; Verg. A. 7, 464; poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 9, 15; Cic. Arat. 179; Prud. Apoth. 702; the dat. aquaï also was used acc. to Charis. p. 538; v. Neue, Formenl. I. pp. 9, 11, 12; pp. 14 sq.;

aquae, as trisyl.,

Lucr. 6, 552 Lachm.), f. [cf. Sanscr. ap = water; Wallach. apa, and Goth. ahva = river; old Germ. Aha; Celt. achi; and the Gr. proper names Mess-api-oi and gê Api-a, and the Lat. Apuli, Apiola; prob. ultimately con. with Sanscr. ācus = swift, ācer, and ôkus, from the notion of quickly, easily moving. Curtius.].

A.. Water, in its most gen. signif. (as an element, rainwater, river-water, sea-water, etc.; in class. Lat. often plur. to denote several streams, springs, in one place or region, and com. plur. in Vulg. O. T. after the Hebrew):

aër, aqua, terra, vapores, Quo pacto fiant,

Lucr. 1, 567: SI. AQVA. PLVVIA. NOCET, Fragm. of the XII. Tab. ap. Dig. 40, 7, 21; cf. Dirks. Transl. p. 486; so also of titles in the Digg. 39, 3; cf. ib. 43, 20:

pluvialis,

rain-water, Ov. M. 8, 335, and Sen. Q. N. 3, 1; so,

aquae pluviae,

Cic. Mur. 9, 22; Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 233; Quint. 10, 1, 109 (and pluviae absol., Cic. Att. 15, 16, B; Lucr. 6, 519; Verg. G. 1, 92; Ov. F. 2, 71; Plin. 2, 106, 110, § 227); so,

caelestes aquae,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 135; Liv. 4, 30, 7; 5, 12, 2; Plin. 17, 2, 2, § 14; so,

aquae de nubibus,

Vulg. 2 Reg. 22, 12: aquae nivis, snow-water, ib. Job, 9, 30:

fluvialis,

river-water, Col. 6, 22; so,

aqua fluminis,

Vulg. Jer. 2, 18:

aquaï fons,

Lucr. 5, 602:

fons aquae,

Vulg. Gen. 24, 13:

fontes aquarum, ib. Joel, 1, 20: flumen aquae,

Verg. A. 11, 495:

fluvius aquae,

Vulg. Apoc. 22, 1:

rivus aquae,

Verg. E. 8, 87:

rivi aquarum,

Vulg. Isa. 32, 2:

torrens aquae,

ib. Macc. 5, 40; and plur., ib. Jer. 31, 9: dulcis, fresh-water, Fr. eau douce, Lucr. 6, 890:

fons aquae dulcis,

Cic. Verr. 4, 118; and plur.:

aquae dulces,

Verg. G. 4, 61; id. A. 1, 167: marina, sea-water (v. also salsus, amarus), Cic. Att. 1, 16; so,

aquae maris,

Vulg. Gen. 1, 22; ib. Exod. 15, 19:

dulcis et amara aqua,

ib. Jac. 3, 11:

perennis,

never-failing, Liv. 1, 21; and plur.:

quo in summo (loco) est aequata agri planities et aquae perennes,

Cic. Verr. 4, 107:

aqua profluens,

running-water, id. Off. 1, 16, 52; so,

currentes aquae,

Vulg. Isa. 30, 25; so,

aqua viva,

living-water, Varr. L. L. 5, 26, 35; Vulg. Gen. 26, 19; and plur.:

aquae vivae,

ib. Num. 19, 17;

and in a spiritual sense: aqua viva,

ib. Joan. 4, 10; so,

vitae,

ib. Apoc. 22, 17:

aquae viventes,

ib. Lev. 14, 5:

stagna aquae,

standing-water, Prop. 4, 17, 2; and plur., Vulg. Psa. 106, 35; so, stativae aquae, Varr. ap. Non. p. 217, 2:

aquae de puteis,

well-water, Vulg. Num. 20, 17:

aqua de cisternā,

cisternwater, ib. 2 Reg. 23, 16; so,

aqua cisternae,

ib. Isa. 36, 16:

aquae pessimae,

ib. 4 Reg. 2, 19:

aqua recens,

Verg. A. 6, 636:

turbida,

Vulg. Jer. 2, 18:

crassa,

ib. 2 Macc. 1, 20:

munda,

ib. Heb. 10, 22:

purissima,

ib. Ezech. 34, 18:

aquae calidae,

warm-water, ib. Gen. 36, 24; and absol.:

calida,

Cato, R. R. 156, 3; Plin. 25, 7, 38, § 77; Tac. G. 22;

and contr.: calda,

Col. 6, 13; Plin. 23, 4, 41, § 83: aqua fervens, boiling-water:

aliquem aquā ferventi perfundere,

Cic. Verr. 1, 67:

aqua frigida,

cold-water, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 37; Vulg. Prov. 25, 23; ib. Matt. 10, 42; and absol.:

frigida,

Cels. 1, 5; Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 11; Quint. 5, 11, 31: aqua decocta, water boiled and then cooled with ice or snow, Mart. 14, 116; and absol.:

decocta,

Juv. 5, 50; Suet. Ner. 48 al.—

Particular phrases.

Praebere aquam, to invite to a feast, to entertain (with ref. to the use of water at table for washing and drinking), Hor. S. 1, 4, 88 (cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 69).—

Aquam aspergere alicui, to give new life or courage, to animate, refresh, revive (the fig. taken from sprinkling one who is in a swoon):

ah, adspersisti aquam! Jam rediit animus,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 15.—

Aqua et ignis, to express the most common necessaries of life:

non aquā, non igni, ut aiunt, locis pluribus utimur quam amicitiā,

Cic. Lael. 6, 22.—Hence aquā et igni interdicere alicui, to deny intercourse or familiarity with one, to exclude from civil society, to banish, Cic. Phil. 1, 9; so the bride, on the day of marriage, received from the bridegroom aqua et ignis, as a symbol of their union: aquā et igni tam interdici solet damnatis quam accipiunt nuptae, videlicet quia hae duae res humanam vitam maxime continent, Paul. ex Fest. p. 3 Müll. (this custom is differently explained in [p. 148] Varr. L. L. 5, 9, 18): aquam et terram petere, of an enemy (like gên kai hudôr aitein), to demand submission, Liv. 35, 17:

aquam ipsos (hostes) terramque poscentium, ut neque fontium haustum nec solitos cibos relinquerent deditis,

Curt. 3, 10, 8.— Provv.

Ex uno puteo similior numquam potis Aqua aquaï

sumi quam haec est atque ista hospita,

you can't find two peas more like, Plaut. Mil. 1, 6, 70 sq. —

In aquā scribere = kath hudatos graphein, to write in water, of something transient, useless:

cupido quod dicit amanti, In vento et rapidā scribere oportet aquā,

Cat. 70, 4 (cf. Keats' epitaph on himself: here lies one whose name was writ in water; and the Germ., etwas hinter die Feueresse schreiben).—

Water, in a more restricted sense.

The sea:

coge, ut ad aquam tibi frumentum Ennenses metiantur,

on the sea-coast, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83:

laborum quos ego sum terrā, quos ego passus aquā,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 30:

findite remigio aquas!

id. F. 3, 586.— Trop.: Venimus in portum... Naviget hinc aliā jam mihi linter aquā, in other waters let my bark now sail (cf. Milton in the Lycidas:

To-morrow to fresh woods and pastures new),

Ov. F. 2, 864.—

= la. cus, a lake:

Albanae aquae deductio,

Cic. Div. 1, 44 fin. —

A stream, a river. in Tuscae gurgite mersus aquae, i. e. Albula, Ov. F. 4, 48:

alii in aquam caeci ruebant,

Liv. 1, 27:

sonitus multarum aquarum,

of many streams, Vulg. Isa. 17, 12; ib. Apoc. 1, 15; 19, 6:

lignum, quod plantatum est secus decursus aquarum,

along the watercourses, ib. Psa. 1, 3.—

Rain:

cornix augur aquae,

Hor. C. 3, 17, 12:

deūm genitor effusis aethera siccat aquis,

Ov. F. 3, 286:

multā terra madescit aquā,

id. ib. 6, 198:

aquae magnae bis eo anno fuerunt,

heavy rains, a flood, inundation, Liv. 24, 9; 38, 28.—

In the plur., medicinal springs, waters, baths.

In gen.:

ad aquas venire,

Cic. Planc. 27, 65; id. Fam. 16, 24, 2:

aquae caldae,

Varr. L. L. 9, 69, p. 219 Müll.:

aquae calidae,

Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 227:

aquae medicatae,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 25:

aquae Salutiferae,

Mart. 5, 1.—Hence,

As prop. noun, Waters. Some of the most important were.

Ăquae Ăpollĭnāres, in Etruria, prob. the Phoebi vada of Mart. 6, 42, 7, now Bagni di Stigliano, Tab. Peut.—

Ăquae Aurēlĭae, in the Black Forest in Germany, now Baden-Baden, Inscr.—

Ăquae Baiae, in Campania, Prop. 1, 11, 30; earlier called Ăquae Cūmānae, Liv. 41, 16.—

Ăquae Călĭdae,

In Britain, now Bath; also called Ăquae Sōlis, Itin Anton.—

In Zeugitana on the Gulf of Carthage, now Hammam Gurbos, Liv. 30, 24, 9; Tab. Peut.—

In Gallia, now Vichy on the Allier, Tab. Theod.—

Ăquae Cĭcĕrōnĭānae, at Cicero's villa at Puteoli, Plin. 31, 2, 3, § 6.—

Ăquae Mattĭăcae, among the Mattiaci in Germany, now Wiesbaden, Amm. 29, 4, also called Fontes Mattĭăci in Plin. 31, 2, 17, § 20.—

Ăquae Sextĭae, near Massilia, once a famous watering-place, now Aix, Liv Epit 61; Vell. 1, 15; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36.—

Ăquae Tauri or Tauri Thermae, in Etruria, now Bagni di Ferrata, Plin. 3, 5, 8, § 52. V. Smith, Dict. Geog., s. v. Aquae.—

The water in the water-clock. From the use of this clock in regulating the length of speeches, etc. (cf. clepsydra), arose the tropical phrases,

Aquam dare, to give the advocate time for speaking, Plin. Ep. 6, 2, 7.—

Aquam perdere, to spend time unprofitably, to waste it, Quint. 11, 3, 52.—

Aqua haeret, the water stops, i.e. I am at a loss, Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117:

in hac causā mihi aqua haeret,

id. ad Q. Fr. 2, 7.—

Aqua intercus, the water under the skin of a dropsical person;

hence, as med. t.,

the dropsy, Plaut. Men. 5, 4, 3:

medicamentum ad aquam intercutem dare,

Cic. Off. 3, 24, 92:

decessit morbo aquae intercutis,

Suet. Ner 5; cf. Cels. 2, 8.— Trop.: aquam in animo habere intercutem, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 37, 3.—

Aqua, the name of a constellation, Gr. Hudôr:

hae tenues stellae perhibentur nomine Aquāī,

Cic. Arat. 179 (as translation of tous pantas kaleousin Hudôr); v. Orell. ad h. l.

ăqua, ae (ACVA, Inscr. Grut. 593, 5; gen. aquāï, Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 71; Lucr. 1, 284; 1. 285; 1, 307; 1, 454 et saep.; Verg. A. 7, 464; poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 9, 15; Cic. Arat. 179; Prud. Apoth. 702; the dat. aquaï also was used acc. to Charis. p. 538; v. Neue, Formenl. I. pp. 9, 11, 12; pp. 14 sq.;

aquae, as trisyl.,

Lucr. 6, 552 Lachm.), f. [cf. Sanscr. ap = water; Wallach. apa, and Goth. ahva = river; old Germ. Aha; Celt. achi; and the Gr. proper names Mess-api-oi and gê Api-a, and the Lat. Apuli, Apiola; prob. ultimately con. with Sanscr. ācus = swift, ācer, and ôkus, from the notion of quickly, easily moving. Curtius.].

A.. Water, in its most gen. signif. (as an element, rainwater, river-water, sea-water, etc.; in class. Lat. often plur. to denote several streams, springs, in one place or region, and com. plur. in Vulg. O. T. after the Hebrew):

aër, aqua, terra, vapores, Quo pacto fiant,

Lucr. 1, 567: SI. AQVA. PLVVIA. NOCET, Fragm. of the XII. Tab. ap. Dig. 40, 7, 21; cf. Dirks. Transl. p. 486; so also of titles in the Digg. 39, 3; cf. ib. 43, 20:

pluvialis,

rain-water, Ov. M. 8, 335, and Sen. Q. N. 3, 1; so,

aquae pluviae,

Cic. Mur. 9, 22; Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 233; Quint. 10, 1, 109 (and pluviae absol., Cic. Att. 15, 16, B; Lucr. 6, 519; Verg. G. 1, 92; Ov. F. 2, 71; Plin. 2, 106, 110, § 227); so,

caelestes aquae,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 135; Liv. 4, 30, 7; 5, 12, 2; Plin. 17, 2, 2, § 14; so,

aquae de nubibus,

Vulg. 2 Reg. 22, 12: aquae nivis, snow-water, ib. Job, 9, 30:

fluvialis,

river-water, Col. 6, 22; so,

aqua fluminis,

Vulg. Jer. 2, 18:

aquaï fons,

Lucr. 5, 602:

fons aquae,

Vulg. Gen. 24, 13:

fontes aquarum, ib. Joel, 1, 20: flumen aquae,

Verg. A. 11, 495:

fluvius aquae,

Vulg. Apoc. 22, 1:

rivus aquae,

Verg. E. 8, 87:

rivi aquarum,

Vulg. Isa. 32, 2:

torrens aquae,

ib. Macc. 5, 40; and plur., ib. Jer. 31, 9: dulcis, fresh-water, Fr. eau douce, Lucr. 6, 890:

fons aquae dulcis,

Cic. Verr. 4, 118; and plur.:

aquae dulces,

Verg. G. 4, 61; id. A. 1, 167: marina, sea-water (v. also salsus, amarus), Cic. Att. 1, 16; so,

aquae maris,

Vulg. Gen. 1, 22; ib. Exod. 15, 19:

dulcis et amara aqua,

ib. Jac. 3, 11:

perennis,

never-failing, Liv. 1, 21; and plur.:

quo in summo (loco) est aequata agri planities et aquae perennes,

Cic. Verr. 4, 107:

aqua profluens,

running-water, id. Off. 1, 16, 52; so,

currentes aquae,

Vulg. Isa. 30, 25; so,

aqua viva,

living-water, Varr. L. L. 5, 26, 35; Vulg. Gen. 26, 19; and plur.:

aquae vivae,

ib. Num. 19, 17;

and in a spiritual sense: aqua viva,

ib. Joan. 4, 10; so,

vitae,

ib. Apoc. 22, 17:

aquae viventes,

ib. Lev. 14, 5:

stagna aquae,

standing-water, Prop. 4, 17, 2; and plur., Vulg. Psa. 106, 35; so, stativae aquae, Varr. ap. Non. p. 217, 2:

aquae de puteis,

well-water, Vulg. Num. 20, 17:

aqua de cisternā,

cisternwater, ib. 2 Reg. 23, 16; so,

aqua cisternae,

ib. Isa. 36, 16:

aquae pessimae,

ib. 4 Reg. 2, 19:

aqua recens,

Verg. A. 6, 636:

turbida,

Vulg. Jer. 2, 18:

crassa,

ib. 2 Macc. 1, 20:

munda,

ib. Heb. 10, 22:

purissima,

ib. Ezech. 34, 18:

aquae calidae,

warm-water, ib. Gen. 36, 24; and absol.:

calida,

Cato, R. R. 156, 3; Plin. 25, 7, 38, § 77; Tac. G. 22;

and contr.: calda,

Col. 6, 13; Plin. 23, 4, 41, § 83: aqua fervens, boiling-water:

aliquem aquā ferventi perfundere,

Cic. Verr. 1, 67:

aqua frigida,

cold-water, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 37; Vulg. Prov. 25, 23; ib. Matt. 10, 42; and absol.:

frigida,

Cels. 1, 5; Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 11; Quint. 5, 11, 31: aqua decocta, water boiled and then cooled with ice or snow, Mart. 14, 116; and absol.:

decocta,

Juv. 5, 50; Suet. Ner. 48 al.—

Particular phrases.

Praebere aquam, to invite to a feast, to entertain (with ref. to the use of water at table for washing and drinking), Hor. S. 1, 4, 88 (cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 69).—

Aquam aspergere alicui, to give new life or courage, to animate, refresh, revive (the fig. taken from sprinkling one who is in a swoon):

ah, adspersisti aquam! Jam rediit animus,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 15.—

Aqua et ignis, to express the most common necessaries of life:

non aquā, non igni, ut aiunt, locis pluribus utimur quam amicitiā,

Cic. Lael. 6, 22.—Hence aquā et igni interdicere alicui, to deny intercourse or familiarity with one, to exclude from civil society, to banish, Cic. Phil. 1, 9; so the bride, on the day of marriage, received from the bridegroom aqua et ignis, as a symbol of their union: aquā et igni tam interdici solet damnatis quam accipiunt nuptae, videlicet quia hae duae res humanam vitam maxime continent, Paul. ex Fest. p. 3 Müll. (this custom is differently explained in [p. 148] Varr. L. L. 5, 9, 18): aquam et terram petere, of an enemy (like gên kai hudôr aitein), to demand submission, Liv. 35, 17:

aquam ipsos (hostes) terramque poscentium, ut neque fontium haustum nec solitos cibos relinquerent deditis,

Curt. 3, 10, 8.— Provv.

Ex uno puteo similior numquam potis Aqua aquaï

sumi quam haec est atque ista hospita,

you can't find two peas more like, Plaut. Mil. 1, 6, 70 sq. —

In aquā scribere = kath hudatos graphein, to write in water, of something transient, useless:

cupido quod dicit amanti, In vento et rapidā scribere oportet aquā,

Cat. 70, 4 (cf. Keats' epitaph on himself: here lies one whose name was writ in water; and the Germ., etwas hinter die Feueresse schreiben).—

Water, in a more restricted sense.

The sea:

coge, ut ad aquam tibi frumentum Ennenses metiantur,

on the sea-coast, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83:

laborum quos ego sum terrā, quos ego passus aquā,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 30:

findite remigio aquas!

id. F. 3, 586.— Trop.: Venimus in portum... Naviget hinc aliā jam mihi linter aquā, in other waters let my bark now sail (cf. Milton in the Lycidas:

To-morrow to fresh woods and pastures new),

Ov. F. 2, 864.—

= la. cus, a lake:

Albanae aquae deductio,

Cic. Div. 1, 44 fin. —

A stream, a river. in Tuscae gurgite mersus aquae, i. e. Albula, Ov. F. 4, 48:

alii in aquam caeci ruebant,

Liv. 1, 27:

sonitus multarum aquarum,

of many streams, Vulg. Isa. 17, 12; ib. Apoc. 1, 15; 19, 6:

lignum, quod plantatum est secus decursus aquarum,

along the watercourses, ib. Psa. 1, 3.—

Rain:

cornix augur aquae,

Hor. C. 3, 17, 12:

deūm genitor effusis aethera siccat aquis,

Ov. F. 3, 286:

multā terra madescit aquā,

id. ib. 6, 198:

aquae magnae bis eo anno fuerunt,

heavy rains, a flood, inundation, Liv. 24, 9; 38, 28.—

In the plur., medicinal springs, waters, baths.

In gen.:

ad aquas venire,

Cic. Planc. 27, 65; id. Fam. 16, 24, 2:

aquae caldae,

Varr. L. L. 9, 69, p. 219 Müll.:

aquae calidae,

Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 227:

aquae medicatae,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 25:

aquae Salutiferae,

Mart. 5, 1.—Hence,

As prop. noun, Waters. Some of the most important were.

Ăquae Ăpollĭnāres, in Etruria, prob. the Phoebi vada of Mart. 6, 42, 7, now Bagni di Stigliano, Tab. Peut.—